Advantages And Disadvantages Of Encryption Security Types Computer Science Essay

Favorable circumstances And Disadvantages Of Encryption Security Types Computer Science Essay An Egyption recorder utilized non-standard symbolic representations in an engraving around 1900 BC. Case of composed cryptography is the main recorded that rundowns by Kahn. A bit of level stone cut into a collection of pictures and some composition to recognize themselves in exchanging dealings 1500 BC old fashioned Assyrian shippers utilized in intaglio. The advanced mark delivered by this system. This mark has a place with the broker, however they just have that intaglio to deliver the mark. The switched letters in order basic substitution figure known as ATBASH is utilized by Hebrew copyists recording the book of Jeremiah in 500-600 BC. Few Hebrew figures of the time are one in particular that is ATBASH. Skytale a gadget utilized called by Greek which is a staff around that a long, flimsy segment of cowhide was wrapped and composed on. The calfskin was taken off and worn as a belt. No doubt a coordinating staff and the encoding staff would be ventured out from home by the benefic iary. In the field of 100-44 BC in government interchanges utilized a basic replacement with the typical letter set by Julius Caesar. This produce just in a little sum, yet it isn't more grounded like ATBASH.When this read by scarcely any individuals it was adequate. Julius Caesar didnt trust the dispatchers however confided in his partners. Enlivened the arrangement of a cryptogram in Greek for the Byzantine sovereign by A.D Abu Abd al-Rahman al-Khalil ibn Ahmad ibn Amar ibn Tammam al Farahidi al-Zadi al Yahmadi composed a book on cryptography in 725-790. Plaintext at the back rubs start depended on the outcome. It was a standard cryptanalytic method utilized still in WW-II contrary to Enigma messages. Kahn has discovered the primary model of the terminology. A gathering substitution letters in order and little code aggregated by Clement VII at the intrigue in 1379 Gabrieli di Lavinde. For the following 450 years this class of code was to remain in like manner use in representatives and a few regular citizens. There were more grounded figures being nonexistent meanwhile even with reality, presumably in light of its relative convenience. The manipulative a figure plate to make things simpler the procedure, its pretend and accessible the first polyalphabetic figure at 1466 Leon Battista Alberti. Until the 1800s, this kind of figure was really not working. Furthermore his own creation, Alberti composed expansively on the position the workmanship in figures. He likewise utilized the circle for enciphered code. These frameworks were a lot more grounded than the classification. The main book composed on cryptology at 1518 Johannes Trithemius. Each letter was spoken to as a word taken from a progression of segments that pretend a steganographic figure. The now-standard type of rectangular replacement tables is portrayed as polyalphabetic figures. The idea of fluctuating l etter sets with one another presented by Johannes Trithemius. The key for a dull polyalphabetic figure is presented at 1553 Giovan Batista Belaso the assessment of utilizing a passphrase. Presenting the digraphic figure composed a content on figures at 1563 Giovanni Battista Porta. Transposition, replacement and image replacement are delegated figures. To befuddle the cryptanalyst he utilizes the discretionary of equivalents and incorrect spellings. The primary credible plaintext and figure text auto key frameworks along with composed a book on figures at 1585 Blaise de Vigenere. A biliteral figure referred to today as 5-piece twofold encoding at 1623 Sir Francis Bacon depicted a figure which presently bears his name. Dr.Robert Patterson pretend his wheel figure maybe supported at 1790 Thomas Jefferson. The dad of US cryptanalysis was in a vocation as a non military personnel cryptanalyst at Riverbank Laboratories and performed cryptanalysis for the US Government is be respected at 1917 William Frederick Friedman. The Enigma machine was dominated and better upon than become the cryptographic workhorse of Nazi Germany at 1933-1945. However, the Enigma machine was not beneficial achievement. U.S. Information Encryption Standard favored with changes by the US NSA dependent on the Lucifer figure an arrangement at 1976 by IBM. New Directions in Cryptography, presenting the recommendation of open key cryptography in print by Whitfield Diffie on 1976. The Diffie-Hellman was invigorated on 1977, paper and going about as complete fledglings in cryptography, Ronald L. Rivest, Adi Shamir and Leonard M. To make a helpful open key framework had been talking about by Adleman. The full logical report to anybody presenting a self-tended to, stepped envelope offer was remembered for the Scientific American article. An application for a New Block Encryption Standard an arranged International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA) was distributed on 1990 by Xuejia Lai and James Massey in Switzerland. The admonition by the FBI to expect access to the away from of the collaborations of residents. PGP (Pretty Good Privacy) was the unlimited first depiction on 1991 by Phil Zimmermann. The prior RC2 and RC4 calculations remembered for RSADSIs BSAFE cryptographic library the creator was Professor Ron Rivest on 1994. The client can change the square size, number of rounds and key length, if the calculation utilizes information subordinate turn as its non-straight activity and defined. Prologue to Encryption Systems Encryption is a procedure to scramble the messages that can be comprehensible by the individual who realizes how to decode the messages. This technique has been utilized for more than 2,000 years. The encryption is alludes to the interpretation of an information into a mystery code by utilizing the calculations. In the study of cryptography the procedure that included is encryption. The messages must be safely sent. These messages could be numeric information, text or mystery codes. For instance, Missile Launch Codes. This encryption frameworks giving security to the approved people groups interchanges. The collector must have a key to unscramble the message to come back to its unique plain content structure. The key that utilization to decode the message is trigger instrument to the calculation. These days, encryption frameworks is the approach of the web and open utilized it once in a while. In addition, these frameworks turned out to be to a great extent military apparatus. There are utilized this frameworks in many field. For example, banking, internet advertising, social insurance and different administrations. Indeed, even the normal householder knows about the encryption. At the point when a location starting with https that shows that internet browsers is encode text naturally when associated with a protected server. At the point when associated with a protected site, even the programs naturally scramble the data yet a significant number of them despite everything pick the utilization of the encryption to do their email. The element modules or interfaces for the well known email customers will be effortlessly cultivated with the assistance of encryption program. The most well known and longstanding is called PGP (Pretty Good Privacy), a name for extremely solid milita ry-grade encryption program. It will be permitted to for the messages, yet in addition may utilized for the individual records and organizers too. At the point when the data goes between the PCs, block attempt of the transmission that can't be coherent on the grounds that it was in mixed up garbage. Indeed, even there are numerous kinds of encryption yet not a wide range of encryption are dependable. Other than that, there are same PC that yields solid encryption that can be utilized to break powerless encryption plans. Prior years, they utilized 64-piece encryption and they instructed that was very solid yet it was break by the 128-piece encryption. This is the standard encryption and this won't change later on. It was undoubtful.The information makes private by the solid encryption. In any case, it isn't mandatory will be secure. In the event that the pre-owned information needs to be secure, the beneficiary must be emphatically distinguished just like the endorsed party. The computerized marks or authentications are normally cultivated on the web. Kinds of Encryption The encryption comprises of 5 kinds of encryption frameworks. There are manual encryption, straightforward encryption, symmetric encryption, deviated encryption and email encryption. Right off the bat, manual encryption. This kind of encryption includes the utilization of the encryption programming. This encryption encodes the PC programs in different bits of data carefully. Clients support should totally include in this encryption. In the event that the needs to encode the record, the client need to pick the sort of encryption from a rundown that gave by the security framework. This may use in the PCs. For the explanation that is the client simple to encode the individual documents in a manner they like, and furthermore it will be securing the individual material on a PC. Besides is the straightforward encryption. This encryption can be downloaded onto a PC to encode everything consequently. This is the most ensured type, since it doesnt forget about anything. The PC has a scramble copy in each executable apparatus and envelope that shaped suffer authority floods and protects data in packaging a PC is taken. What's more symmetric encryption additionally characterized as one of the kind of encryption. By utilizing this sort of encryption can without much of a stretch encode data by own self. For a model, a letter or number concurs with another letter or number in the encryption code. The code can make without anyone else. For example, a=1, b=2, etc. Other than that, uneven encryption is a protected and simple way that can be utilized to encode information that will get. This sort will do by electronically. The open key can be seeing by whoever need or post some place. Others can scramble the data and send it back. There is likewise another key even the open key translate that is private key. This key has just a single individual have. This implies the information will scramble by open key however it tends to be perused distinctly by the whomever has the private key. In conclusion the email encryption is regularly same as lopsided encryption strategy. This technique is the messages that in inbox can't be perused by others particularly by the programmers. There are 2 kinds of email encryption. The outcome I

Milk Brands In Mauritius

Milk Brands In Mauritius Writing audit is a basic and an evaluative synopsis of the subjects, issues, and contentions of a particular unmistakably characterized look into point. The point of this part is to audit the purposes of discoveries about the title how milk brands influence the buying choices of customers. 2.1 Brief History on Milk Brands in Mauritius Mauritius imports milk powders from Australia and New Zealand. The milk powders have distinctive brand names, for example, Farmland, Twin dairy animals and others all depend the nations, which it originate from. When it arrives at the nation of origin, it is being directed to at least two enterprises in Mauritius for its bundling. At that point, it is being sold in mass to shops, super and hypermarkets. Organizations, for example, Innodis Ltd, ISO Pack Ltd, Eden vale Distributors Ltd, and other pack the diverse milk marks and disperse them. In any case, Mauritius imports milk from different nations since its utilization has quickly been expanded. Likewise, importation of milk is getting vital for Mauritius because of increment sought after of marked milk by Mauritian customers. In any case to the cost and amount, nature of the item has consistently been the fundamental factor for clients in their item choice. Marking assumes a key job in the acknowledgment of the item. The yearly utilization of milk in Mauritius is roughly nine millions liters which is proportionate to 12% of the absolute utilization of various brand names (Hulman et al., 1990). There is an ascent in the interest for milk in Mauritius. In 2013, the Mauritian clients are moving towards for the most part Farmland because of its quality and promotion on T.V and radio. In our island, the brand names for milk have substitutes because of the diverse brand names accessible available. Along these lines, in the event that we are not happy with a specific milk brand, we generally have the decision to select another brand. As indicated by AGA Webmaster FOA (2013), the point is to guarantee milk brand advertised in Mauritius are moderate and the accentuation on Human Resources Development (H.R.D) and arrangement of sources of info and administrations to improve creation and milk brand handling to encourage promoting in Mauritius. In the year 1971, the Milk and Meat Project Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) deciphered that, there is an absence of supplement constrained milk creation. Moreover, it was not decided if it was vitality or protein in the enhancement that was significant, and the basal eating regimen of stick tops and grasses was not assessed. The FAO has demonstrated that milk yield could be expanded fundamentally by better taking care of and the executives. 2.2 Elements That Influences Consumers Towards Milk Brand Through promoting, plan and media critique milk brands have made its place in the market in Mauritius. This leads marking to give a picture of the item to customers to settle on a buying choice. According to Pearce (2013), the components that impact shoppers are as per the following: NAME LOGO TASTE Textual styles Shading SCHEME Bundle Illustrations SHAPES These focuses above shared a development data about certain qualities, thoughts, benefits and just as it built up the character of the customers while purchasing the item. Customers face buying choices consistently. Consequently, they set up an ability to buy brand items. Buyers buying choices of brand milk have made certain traits and collaborations as of late utilizing a few techniques by methods for both subjective and quantitative (Anon, n.d). 2.3 The Importance Of Branding When Consumers Take Purchasing Decision As per Kotler (1994), Branding is the most ideal approach to build up the power, specialty and validity and authority of individual and business. As such marking isn't just advantageous for business or for rehashed client yet in addition simpler for others to sift through the incalculable conventional things. The bartering intensity of Mauritius is constrained. As of late, in an article distributed on the site businessmega, it was discovered that around 10,000 metric huge amounts of milk powder is imported on a yearly premise contingent upon request and utilization, which is less in amount in contrast with different nations. The Executive chief of La Trobe ltd, Mr. L. Wong and the provider of Snowy milk expressed that neighborhood wholesalers have the whole impact over the costs (Anon, 2011). The significance of marking is as per the following: Marking conveys data about the business. Offer a wide range of data about the item to the market. It sets up a personality with the goal for purchasers to perceive the item quite well. Marking gives shoppers the affirmation that the whole items they purchase are trustful and empower positive reactions from the last mentioned. Marking gives a key situation in the market and through this, organization in the end prompts expanded benefits. Marking shows a development subtleties for instance: Cost of the items Bundling Promoting and publicizing methodologies Dissemination channels, etc. Marking is the incredible factor in promoting, which helps shoppers in taking buying choice. At the point when the customer is happy with a given marked item, they will in general return to a similar brand provider, (Badgujar (Roll No.04)). 2.4 Brand Awareness To Consumers Donald (2010) characterized brand mindfulness as the clients capacity to review and perceive the brand under various conditions and connection to the brand name, logo, etc to specific relationship in memory. That is brand mindfulness includes both brand acknowledgment and brand review. It encourages the clients to comprehend to which item or administration classification the specific brand has a place and what items and administrations are sold under the brand name. It additionally guarantees that clients know which of their needs are fulfilled by the brand through its items. Brand mindfulness is of basic significance since clients won't consider a specific brand on the off chance that they don't know about it (Donald, 2010). In any case, Epstein (1977) contended that human and brand character qualities share a similar conceptualization however they separate regarding how they are made. There are three sorts of brand mindfulness, which are as per the following: Top-of-Mind Awareness happens when the companys brand is the thing that flies into a buyers mind when requested to name marks in an item classification. For instance, when somebody is solicited to name a sort from facial tissue, the normal answer is Kleenex, which is a top-of-mind brand. Supported Awareness happens when a buyer peruses a rundown of brands, and communicates commonality with companys brand simply after they hear or consider it to be a kind of memory helper. Vital Awareness happens when the companys brand isn't just top-of-brain to shoppers, yet in addition has unmistakable characteristics that stick out to customers as improving it than different brands in your market. These three sorts of mindfulness above educate customers about certain goals that a decent brand of milk item will accomplish include: Persuades the purchasers Cements client dedication Conveys the message plainly Interfaces the customers target prospects sincerely Affirms the buyers believability In Mauritius, nearly everybody devours marked milk, for example, Anchor, Farmland, Snowy, Red Cow, and others consistently. 2.5 Milk Brand Production And Milk Pricing Marking can bring about higher deals of different kinds and assortments of item connected with a particular marked item. Marking ought to likewise examine by more than the distinction between the real expense of an item and its selling cost and they speak to the whole of every important nature of an item to the purchaser. The marking idea here is considering multifaceted nature of human conduct and advantage of customers. Our nation import milk from different nations that expansion the utilization and the efficiency of dairy item in Mauritius. Different nations, for example, Europe, Australia, and New Zealand, etc are likewise the exporters for Mauritius. Europe produces milk, New Zealand produces Red Cow and Australia produces Snowy milk, Farmland, Dolly and Anchor. Moreover, the value climb of imported milk is driving individuals to reduce utilization. Numerous entertainers show the circumstance won't improve and neighborhood creation is the main way out. 80% of the milk devoured in Mauritius originates from Australia and New Zealand by Olivier Masson, 2 July 2007 Port Louis. As indicated by Lake (n.d), marking is ones character in the commercial center. She expressed that, it is pivotal to understand that bundling in every case either impacts the purchaser. A negative impression can bypass a potential customer, much the same as a positive response can impact a client to purchase. She additionally said that one should give exceptional consideration to bundling when another brand is dispatch. This is on the grounds that numerous individuals regularly don't give close consideration to the bundling in the event that it is a mainstream brand. How might you bundle your image with the goal that it is a vital piece of your business and speaks to a solid character? Remember that we are not talking that bundling has just a container, which contains an item, yet as a medium, that mirrors your companys image and picture. The accompanying regular business instruments speak to bundling: Business cards and writing material Site Noting framework Email address Food bundling is bundling for food. It requires assurance, altering opposition, and unique physical, substance, or natural needs. Milk assumes a significant job in people groups objective of eating strongly and having a functioning way of life. Milk makers along these lines are riding this pattern by presenting milk marks that are focused on wellbeing cognizant individuals. Separated from the Inspiration Hive, Daily Inspiration on July 9, 2012. With the announcement, bundling is a method of figuring a plausible promoting procedure for milk brand. The items introduction prompts a serious evaluating approach and an all around arranged publicizing effort will persuade customers to buy the marked milk. 2.5.2 Preservation In Mauritius,

Cheap and Effective Invoicing Softwares

Cheap and Effective Invoicing Softwares © Shutterstock | Andrey_PopovThis article delves into the world of invoicing softwares, the metamorphoses of those softwares into invoicing softwares as we know them today, the advantages of invoicing softwares over traditional invoicing methods, as well as the effective and affordable invoicing softwares currently available in the market.INVOICING SOFTWARESJust like anyone would benefit from shifting from pen and paper to Microsoft word or any other writing softwares, invoicing softwares are designed to make your work easier. If you are considering a transition from traditional methods of invoicing, your first major decision will be to research on invoicing and accounting softwares (which we have done for you here).Most accounting softwares come fitted with at least a basic invoicing feature. If one can find an accounting software that falls within their price range, it will not be necessary to go out in search of an invoicing software.However, you might need advanced or specialize d invoicing features that most accounting softwares may be lacking, for example, auto-billing. Additionally, you might be on a tight budget and invoicing softwares will generally come cheaper in comparison to accounting softwares.Currently, there are several cheap invoicing softwares out there for businesses that are running on a tight budget such as sole proprietors, and micro-businesses. These softwares will be discussed in detail in subsequent sections of this article.BRIEF HISTORY OF INVOICING SOFTWARESIn the course of researching this subject, we found that the technology of invoicing softwares goes as far the mid 20th century; amazing right? While there was a wide spread hippie revolution all over the world, the business world was undergoing its own revolution that involved the reality of a less paper-cluttered office, with everything being processed electronically.The most interesting thing about this discovery is that the business world was already dreaming of electronically processed documents and transactions even before computers had taken root. Because of the business people of the 1960’s, Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) systems became as a means of conveying transactional data back and forth between clients and businesses, for example, invoices and purchase orders. These Electronic Data Interchange Systems remained in use up until the 1990’s when emails and QuickBooks came to be.In 1992, QuickBooks was introduced to the business world and quickly overthrew Peachtree as the leading accounting and invoicing tool. Therefore, e-accounting and invoicing have been solutions that have been at our disposal for decades now.Despite this fact, most small and medium businesses have avoided the use of these softwares because they do not think they need them. Most small and medium businesses will use emails, and might also use MS Word and Excel, but they will normally keep things at that simple level. SOFTWARE AND TECHNOLOGICAL REVOLUTION IN INVOICING SOF TWARESToday, another kind of electronic revolution is in progress. This is Cloud-computing. Cloud-based softwares encompass invoicing, web design, and almost all other important softwares commonly used in business. Cloud computing is offering numerous advantages over the traditional invoicing and has made invoicing systems easier than ever.Why Cloud Computing is More Effective than Locally Installed SoftwaresThere are two main types of invoicing softwares available in the market today; invoicing softwares installed on the computer’s hard drive or locally installed softwares, and invoicing softwares that are  available ‘in the cloud’.Cloud softwares imply that data is stored in remote servers and is accessible from any computer or devise that has access to the internet, for example, a smartphone or a tablet. As opposed to going into intricate detail about how cloud computing works, all that you need to grasp for the purposes of this article is that all the data, such as your c lient information, is stored online, meaning you can access it on the internet. This data is protected by encryption and, therefore, it is not easy for any hackers to access it. Cloud computing also implies that you will not lose any data that you had saved in case your business’s computer network suddenly crashes.As opposed to locally installed softwares, where your business pays a onetime fee, Cloud-based softwares works like a service and businesses that use the softwares are charged on a daily, monthly, annually, or pay-as-you-go for the use of the service. Most modern invoicing softwares are cloud-based and they are fast gaining popularity in the business world for the flexibility they offer; you can literally access you invoicing records anywhere in the world in addition to providing you with a secure data storage and backup location.In terms of locally installed invoicing softwares, there are softwares that you can download and install in your computer, for example ExpressI nvoice. Locally installed invoicing softwares can be cheaper in the long run since they are a one-time cost as opposed to a regular service payment. However, they are lacking in mobility and flexibility as well as other useful features available in cloud-based invoicing softwares.[slideshare id=42095172doc=cloud-141127081528-conversion-gate01w=640h=330]ADVANTAGE OF INVOICING SOFTWARES OVER TRADITIONAL METHODSWe have mentioned that cloud-based invoicing softwares have made invoicing systems much easier for businesses. In this section we explore in depth what it implies to be using cloud-based invoicing softwares as opposed to manually handling invoicing activities or using spreadsheet programs such as Ms Excel.The very first advantage is that, invoicing softwares guarantee Faster Payments in comparison to traditional invoice methods. Of course the faster you send out your invoices the faster you will receive your payments form your clients. With modern smart invoicing softwares, one can simply schedule invoices to be sent out to the respective parties at specific times; this will in turn avail a faster and more reliable income system for you. In addition to this, most invoicing softwares allow the user to collect their payments online through services such as PayPal or Skrill, which is much faster than waiting for a cheque and is more convenient for clients to deliver payments too.Invoicing softwares also portray a more Professional Impression of the business that traditional means may be unable to bring out. Using invoicing softwares results in more professional looking templates, which are customizable with the business’s name and logo bringing the serious and professional outlook of your business that you want.Invoicing softwares also allow for the collection of Sales Information. Invoicing softwares will mostly come fitted with reporting features that allow you to track payments, allow you to view projected income, client history, and so forth. Some softw ares will also have an expense tracking feature. As the owner of a business, you can use this information to make important business decisions.Also, invoicing softwares avail better Organized Books. Since invoicing softwares leave very little room for error, there are fewer occurrences of missed and late payments. When one uses invoicing softwares they do not have to recall every aspect of the business’s financial transactions since this is executed automatically by the software.Additionally, invoicing softwares ensure that there are Accurate Billing Statements. As mentioned, there is little room for error when one is using invoicing softwares; there are more accurate billing statements, therefore, reducing the occurrence of misunderstandings between the business and the clients by overcharging, or losing revenue for the business by undercharging. This is a level of functionality and accuracy that traditional invoicing methods cannot guarantee. Additionally, some invoicing softwar es will come with features that help you detect late payments.Invoicing softwares facilitate Automatic Payments as opposed to traditional means of invoicing. Where your business offers a membership or subscription based service, you can apply invoicing softwares in collecting automatic payments weekly, monthly, annually, or at whatever intervals you decide.Invoicing softwares also Save on Business Resources; handling all your invoicing activities manually consumes a lot of time, and in business, time equals money. The manpower necessary to handle invoicing activities is also significantly cut down and hence the costs of operating your business will reduce in proportion. Additionally, all the stationery that would have been applied in manually handling invoicing activities is saved.Further, Mobility and Flexibility is assured when one uses modern invoicing softwares. For example, when using Cloud-based invoicing softwares, the business owner can access their books of accounts from an y location in the world with internet connection, therefore, enabling them to invoice their clients in the most flexible manner and through the simplest of means, for example, their phone.Invoicing softwares provide Security for sensitive business information. Information that is recorded on paper or stored in MS Excel spreadsheets is vulnerable to unwarranted access, manipulation, theft, and even loss or destruction. Cloud-based invoicing softwares store all of your sensitive information in encrypted formats on remote servers, which reduces liability on your part and ensures that you do not lose any data in the occurrence of an accident or sabotage.INVOICING SOFTWARE FEATURES AND HOW THEY COMPARE TO TRADITIONAL METHODSInvoicing softwares will come fitted with numerous useful features, such as; automatic payment reminders, tax calculation functions, invoice templates, and so forth.Not all invoicing softwares will have every possible feature but the most common features are:Online pa yment optionsCustomizable Invoice templatesPayment remindersAutomatic receiptsBusiness’s inventory featuresInventory trackingFinancial reportsCustomer statementsAuto-billingMulti-lingual capabilitiesSnail mail servicesMulti-currency capacityTime and expense trackingSales Tax and VAT calculationSoftware Upgrade featuresMobile applicationsBasic bookkeeping features.The features of invoicing softwares are exactly what seem to give them an edge over the features of traditional invoicing methods. However, the comparison of these two generations of invoicing tools reveals a few noteworthy points.The first is that that with traditional invoicing methods, you have to store files and documents manually, either in writing or in Excel spreadsheets and as such, there is always the risk of losing all of your information in case of a natural catastrophe or accident that damages your computer or office. This is unlike modern invoicing softwares which backup your information in remote servers, el iminating the risk of loss or damage of information. However, note that the backup tools varies in every invoicing software, therefore, it is important to carefully look at the backup features of a software prior to considering using it in the storage of important or sensitive files.Also, invoicing softwares, and more specifically Cloud-based softwares, undoubtedly increase flexibility and mobility in bookkeeping. However, as much as traditional invoicing methods do not offer the same flexibility or immunity to loss and damage as the softwares do, their functionality is not determined or hampered by internet connection unlike modern invoicing softwares. This is one downside to invoicing softwares that is seldom mentioned in discussions. Although online softwares can retrieve files and work on them offline, they are primarily designed to work online, on the web interface. In situations or locations where internet connection is slow, these invoicing softwares may also be annoyingly sl ow and may even create unnecessary inconveniences and delays. With invoicing softwares unlike traditional invoicing methods, you are dependent on an online vendor for the normal functionality of your invoicing activities. Therefore, when using invoicing softwares, it may be important to conduct your research on the most reliable internet vendors to minimize the occurrence of undue delays.Another important point of comparison between the two invoicing tools is the capacity to upgrade. It is imperative in business to ensure that your staff is up to date with the latest skills and tools for the performance of their duties; anything that keeps improving the team’s functionality and efficiency. When it comes to upgrading and constantly improving functionality, the invoicing softwares blaze the trail over traditional methods. Software users automatically get feature upgrades to their softwares in real time. This is unlike traditional invoicing tools that would demand an extensive and ti me consuming exercise of training the staff in order to acquire new or additional skill sets that improve their functionality and efficiency. For invoicing softwares, upgrades are simply incremental, and do not demand much training for personnel.For example, consider when Microsoft released the 2007 Office that had a new file format as well as a new interface. Most business’s had a choice to make, either move to the new version of Office and go through the rigorous process of retraining their staff members, or maintain the old version of Office and be limited to its functions, have trouble relating with other organizations, and generally lag behind in terms of functionality. It goes without saying that every business eventually chose the former. Such radical effort s are not necessary in upgrading invoicing softwares because upgrades in these softwares are simply incremental, making them much more convenient to work with.Invoicing softwares may find their weakness in their depende ncy on the internet and internet service providers but a wholesome comparison of the features of these two generations of invoicing tools will always reveal that invoicing softwares are much more advantageous and convenient to use compared to the traditional means of invoicing. The following section presents a number of cheap and effective invoicing softwares to choose form and that may be suitable for you and your business.If you want to dig really deep into e-invoicing, then read this research study.[slideshare id=4386799doc=einvoicing2010-100602035619-phpapp02type=dw=640h=330]CHEAP AND EFFECTIVE INVOICING SOFTWARESEvery business has needs that are completely unique, therefore, selecting an invoicing software means carefully considering the features of each software and selecting the most suitable one. If your business cannot afford invoice softwares that big companies apply in their book keeping, do not panic. There are several cheap and effective invoicing softwares available in the market. Let us take a look at the most recommendable invoicing softwares in that category.CloudBooksCloudBooks is a Cloud-based accounting software that keeps you up to date on all your business needs. With CloudBooks one is able to keep track of their time and expenses, manage tax rates, and also create estimates that can be converted into invoices with the simple click of a button. CloudBooks also enables the user to prepare reports and account for recurring invoices in addition to allowing your clients to comment on the prepared estimates and invoices. In addition, this software allows for recurring expenses to be automatically added to invoices ensuring that your business does not miss any payments due to it. With CloudBooks, Authorize.Net and PayPal are the online payment systems at your disposal.This unique invoicing software allows you to customize and add exclusive expenses to each client’s invoice. This software is especially suited for small business owners and free lancers. It has numerous amazing features that make your invoicing activities feel like a piece of cake. The user is able to keep tabs on payments and delays in payments and the client’s page allows him/her to collaborate and participate in their individual projects and view their invoices in real time. Note, however, that this software is not limited to small businesses; it is also capable of supporting large business teams as well as multiple projects. You can add as many tasks as you want and you can also assign a task, manage different projects, and keep track of time with ease. Roleâ€"based access in all your projects guarantees the user’s business security and safety of sensitive and important.CloudBooks time tracking is simplified by the automated timer feature, which allows billing to occur in real time and for adjustments to invoices to automatically be made. CloudBooks is a software filled with helpful features designed to make all your business’s financial informati on available to you anywhere and on any devise that can access the internet. CloudBooks offers a 30 day trial period where you are allowed to send a maximum of five invoices to clients; however, this trial period is limited and does not include mobile support and payment option features. There is a free version of the software where you will be limited to one client, no staff, and only five invoices in a month. For the basic version, a monthly cost of $2 only is payable while for the premium version a monthly charge of $20 only is payable.[slideshare id=41057518doc=cloudbooks-presentation2-141103100701-conversion-gate01w=640h=330]FreeAgentThis is another Cloud-based accounting and invoicing software designed for small and middle-sized businesses. FreeAgent is especially suitable if you charge by the hour and have a number of contractors working on your business’s projects. The software allows you to set separate timers for different clients and different projects and automatically keeps a roster of the total number of hours worked for each client. This feature allows you to accurately bill your clients efficiently and have in your possession updated timesheets all the time.FreeAgent allows you to draw up estimates quite easily and convert them into invoices as soon as approval is received by the client. This awesome software also does not place a limit on the number of attachments or documents you present along with your invoices. In addition to this, the user is able to create their own default mail to go along with invoices. FreeAgent also helps you enable automatic accounting for recurring invoices, makes regular payment reminders to clients, and also sends automatic thank you notes to the clients when payments are delivered.With FreeAgent, expenses are tracked and included in costs. The clients also have an avenue to view the progress of their projects, invoices, and payments from a client interface feature. With its job-costing feature, FreeAgent assist s the user in tracking an unlimited number of projects; keep track of expenses and time. The software also generates the estimated profitability of your ongoing projects as well as all related financial documentation and invoices in a comprehensive manner. The only downside to this software is that developers have not released a mobile application, which would make the software even more user-friendly. FreeAgent has a 30 day trial period offer after which a fixed monthly charge of 24$ only is payable for the full version of the software. Invoiceable / InvoicelyInvoiceable is an effective invoicing and billing software that has grown to become widely successful and widely accepted in the business world. Invoiceable is free and is most suitable for small businesses and freelancers. This software is easy to use and is capable of meeting all of your billing and invoicing demands. This software enables the user to create very detailed invoices and recurring invoice entries are automated. In addition to this, the software allows the user to receive partial payments that are also accounted for in the clients’ invoices in real time. With Invoiceable, you cannot customize invoices to a large extent but you can include your business’s logo and alter the template’s header to your liking.The software does not avail complex tools such as an inventory management tool although it does allow the user to generate client statements. Additional drawbacks of this software may be that it only allows one user per account and that there is no mobile application that has been developed to ease the user’s access. The developers of Invoiceable have not introduced any feature updates recently, which implies that development of the software is much slower than would be preferable to the users. However, this invoicing software can be used for free, making it suitable for freelancers and businesses that do not have extensive business needs.BillbooksBillbooks is an effective invoici ng software that sends estimates to your clients automatically. The software makes it quick and simple to process invoices. This software does all the work for you; all you have to do is make a few entries and have your invoice generated in an instant and ready for dispatch. The software is also multilingual and can translate your invoices for the convenience of any foreign clients you have. In addition to this, the user can set up automatic accounting for recurring invoices and also set up the software to send regular payment reminders to clients. Billbooks offers payment options inclusive of PayPal, Stripe, and Authorize.Net. In addition to invoicing, the software also generates profit and loss reports for each project the user undertakes if need be.Billbooks allows the user to convert the invoices to PDF format, after which the user can easily edit and print out. Since the software supports several projects it is fitted with a search function that helps the user search and locate old invoices, therefore, no transactions are ever lost in case a follow up or clarification needs to be made with a particular client. The charges in Billbooks are based on the number of invoices one wants to send out, where; twenty invoices go for $10, fifty invoices go for $20, a hundred invoices go for $35, and two hundred invoices go for $60. As mentioned, these invoices never get lost and never expire. The user has access to a full set of useful features that they can use to support an unlimited number of clients. NutcacheInvoicing softwares do not get more efficient than this. This Cloud-based invoicing software allows you an unlimited number of users, invoices, and clients. It also includes in its tools expense and time tracking. Nutcache is surprisingly easy to learn and use; it is easy to formulate invoices and mail them to the relevant clients.  The only downside is that the software does not allow the user to add further information or attachments to invoices nor does i t allow the clients to add their comments. In addition, the user cannot modify the default system-generated mail that is sent to the clients, which can be quite a bother to some users. Further, there is the issue of limited options in online payment.Despite these faults, Nutcache is multi-lingual and supports as many as ten languages, which are all extremely user friendly. The software also has mobile application that is available in Google Play and App Store, making your access to all the financial aspects of your business that much easier. Nutcache is frequently updated and upgraded, regularly introducing new functions and additional benefits to the users. Sage OneSage One is also a Cloud-based invoicing software that has an extremely user-friendly interface. The software’s instructions are very easy to follow and in just a few steps the user is ready to begin. Customized invoicing with this software is simplified; you are able to assign multiple tax rates to each client, have i nvoices updated in real time, and keep track of all payments and delays. Sage One also has online payment options, recurring billing, and a reporting tool.With Sage One, freelancers and business owners find that collaboration on projects becomes quite easy. The software also has tools that enable the user to assign tasks, track costs and expenses, and keep track of time spent on each activity. In addition, e-mail notifications keep your business/project team on their toes in regards to the progress and demands of the project. With Sage One, invoices are consistently developed and dispatched as soon as they are due, ensuring that you receive all your payments in a timely fashion. This software has a free trial of 30 days of the full version, while the basic version requires a small monthly payment of $9 only. TO SUM UPWhen in search for an affordable invoicing software, the user should consider its time-saving features, for example; automated entries, financial report generation, and financial reconciliations. In addition to this, good invoicing softwares will have complimentary features that aid in the accounting activities of the business, such as profit and loss report generation, which will enable the user to assess the profitability or lack, thereof, of particular projects.Invoicing is generally a time-extensive activity but life can be much easier for your business when you make use of invoicing softwares. Now more than ever, the development of Cloud-computing has made invoicing softwares very affordable; gone are the days when invoicing softwares were reserved for established organizations, now even start up businesses can enjoy the benefits of an array of cheap and affordable invoicing softwares such as those discussed above.Businesses now have a wide range of softwares to choose form, from the simplest of invoicing softwares to more complex ones that offer bank integration options and countless project and time management options differing form softwar e to software. Keep in mind, softwares change and evolve at a very fast rate, and this is more so for Cloud-based softwares, therefore, ensure that you visit your service providers website and read their e-mails constantly in order to keep yourself and your business up to date with the functions that your chosen invoicing software has to offer at any given moment.Do not feel overwhelmed by the myriad of invoicing softwares at your disposal; simply create a budget, decide which invoicing features you need, and research on the invoicing softwares that fall in your bracket before deciding on one. Invoices are some of the most important links in the paper-trail, accordingly, always take your time in certifying that the data you input in the invoicing software you use is accurate in order to generate error-free invoices. Also, ensure that you keep a backup of all the invoices you generate both in soft and hard copy for reference purposes.Equipped with the directive of this article, you a re now set to bill the world in style.

Are Icebergs Made of Freshwater or Saltwater

Icebergs form from a variety of processes, yet even though they may be found floating in salty seawater, they are primarily made of freshwater. Icebergs form as a result of two main processes, producing a freshwater iceberg: Ice that forms from freezing seawater typically freezes slowly enough that it forms crystalline water (ice), which does not have room for salt inclusions. These ice floes are not truly icebergs, but they can be extremely large chunks of ice. Ice floes typically result when the polar ice breaks up in the springtime.Icebergs are calved, or form when a piece of a glacier or other land-based ice sheet breaks off. The ​glacier is made from compacted snow, which is freshwater.

Development of Nigerian Labour Congress - 3505 Words

BACKGROUND TO THE FORMATION OF NLC Labour organization in Nigeria dates back to 1912 when the workers in the Civil Service under the then Colonial administration organized themselves into workers representatives. This then became known as the Nigeria Civil Service Union. This led the way for workers in other sectors to agitate for the formation of Trade Unions before and after independence in 1960. By 1975 during the Military regime of General Murtala Mohammed, Trade Unions in the country had risen to over 1000 which include Mushroom Unions. In 1976, the Government established a Commission of inquiry into the activities of the various Unions and appointed an administrator to oversee the unions and come up with a structure for the†¦show more content†¦More than that, it has helped shape political, social and economic experience by going to the trenches on issues like June 12, petroleum products prices deregulation, and minimum wage and the current removal of subsidy debate. In these processes, labour leaders have attained national and global recognition. Icons like Michael Imoudu, Hassan Adebayo Sunmonu, Wahab Goodluck, Ali Chiroma, Pascal Bafyau, and Adams Oshiomhole are now household names. Such is the impact of the NLC on national life in Nigeria. CHALLENGES TO THE EMERGENCE OF NLC AS A CENTRAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION IN NIGERIA Despite the much that the labour movements have achieved, there are obvious yawns. In discussing the challenges to the development of the NLC as a central labour organization in Nigeria, it is important to understand the context it has operated in Nigeria. According to Iyayi (2008), the most important elements in the context in which NLC has operated and will continue to operate are: (i) trends and developments in the international economy and politics (ii) the nature and level of development of the Nigerian economy; (iii) the nature and character of the Nigerian state, (iv) the nature and character of the ruling class and (iv) the level of development and organization of Nigerias progressive forces. These factors have been crucial to the development of theShow MoreRelatedThe Nigeria Petroleum Corporation898 Words   |  4 Pagesfor understanding external influences on a business. PESTLE stands for Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal and Environmental (Worthington Britton, 2009). It also concentrates on one of the biggest petroleum companies in Nigeria; Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC). 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Time and Attendance Management Free Essays

Acknowledgments I owe a great many thanks to great many people who helped and supportedme during the project. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my mentorsDr. Hiral Shah, Dr. We will write a custom essay sample on Time and Attendance Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ben Baliga, and Prof. Gary Nierengarten for all their support and encouragement at every step throughout my course of study at St. Cloud StateUniversity. First and foremost, my deepest thanks to my advisor, Dr. Hiral Shah, myGuide for this project. I would like to take this opportunity to thank her for herguidance and support throughout the project.I would also like to express my thanks to Dr. Ben Baliga, Prof. GaryNierengarten, and Dr. Balsubramanian Kasi for their precious time in carefullyreviewing my project. I am grateful for their valuable suggestions and comments.Finally, I would like to thank my family and all my friends for constantlyencouraging and supporting me in this endeavor. It is with their help that I have beenable to successfully complete my Master’s Program in Engineering Management. Introduction Chapter I: IntroductionEmployee time and attendance is a vital part of the workplace as it allows forbetter workforce management. Time and attendance management facilitates HumanResources to better understand employee attendance, and are necessary forcollecting information for payroll (Time Well Scheduled, n.d.). It is important forcompanies to assemble, categorize, and utilize workforce data, which will allow themto make critical decisions (Data Management Services, Inc., n.d.). In this ever evolving and technologically savvy century, companies are oftenforced to adapt to the needs and requirements of the market. Companies preferportability, flexibility and access to applications they use from anywhere and across all platforms, so that work and management become easier and less complex.Agile methodology is the most widely used project management technique by several organizations for their software development projects. This methodologyworks great in environments where requirements change rapidly throughout theproject scope and has been proven to achieve high project success rate for manyorganization (Battagiri, 2015). There are several software development techniqueswithin the agile methodology. This project demonstrates the use of agile methodologyto create web-based reports for employee Time and Attendance. Problem StatementABC application is currently a desktop applicationwhich facilitates clients to use the software on the local system where theserver is located. This is a drawback8since the client cannot access the application on a remote device. Clients nowrequire flexibility to use the application from across any platform and any devicewithout having to personally be present at the location and the local system wherethe Application is hosted. This can significantly reduce time and effort and increasethe productivity of the workforce.Nature and Significance of the ProblemFor any company, it is necessary to manage its time and attendance and thework schedules of the employees who are the number one capital expense. Improperscheduling and attendance management can lead to a host of issues, includingoverscheduling a shift, costly overtime pay, and even litigation (Data ManagementServices, Inc., n.d.). With the change in dynamics of the work environment in the present day world, employees have the option to work from remote locations. A lot of companiesallow their employees to work from remote locations and to manage their time andattendance, it becomes an arduous task to keep track of the Human resources, whichcan lead to billing issues and corrections which can become costly.Currently, ABC company TC-1 software is only limited to systems that have the database running on theirservers. If employees of any of the clients are requiredto work from a remote location, or if the manager wants to access employeeinformation, payroll, scheduling, they have to be physically present at theirworkstation where this application is hosted. An effective solution which can provideaccess to the application on any device would help the management in accurately9tracking employee work time and also reduce managerial time spent on timekeepingand payroll tasks. Objective of the Project To identify the tools and technologies required for the development of thisapplication and create a web enabled application that interfaces with theserver on the backend and presents a browser-based client interface to theuser in an agile environment.2. Identify the core areas of business and implement them in phases andrelease for production. Project Questions After successfully accomplishing the project, the following questions wereanswered based on the results obtained from the project: What current drawbacks of thedesktop application have been resolved in the Web based application and up to what extent? How was Scrum agile methodology useful in developing this project? How effective would the proposed solution of bringing in a web basedinterface help in resolving the clients’ needs? What are the factors of Scrum which were helpful in identifying any threatsin this project? Can new changes and modifications be made during the implementation of the web-application? 11evolutionary development, early delivery, and continuous improvement,and it encourages rapid and flexible response to change (Wikipedia, n.d.).c) Scrum methodology:Scrum is a management and control process thatcuts through complexity to focus on building software that meets businessneeds. Management and teams are able to get their hands around therequirements and technologies, never let go, and deliver working software, incrementally and empirically (Scrum.org, n.d.). d) Socket Programming: Sockets provide the communication mechanismbetween two computers using TCP. A client program creates a socket on its end of the communication and attempts to connect that socket to a server. When the connection is made, the server creates a socket objecton its end of the communication (Tutorialspoint.com, n.d.).e) Server:A server is a computer program or a machine capable of accepting requests from clients and responding to them. Their purpose may be to share data or hardware and software resources among clients(Quizlet.com, n.d.). f) Web Application:A Web application (Web app) is an application program that is stored on a remote server and delivered over the Internetthrough a browser interface (Jdsofttech.com, n.d.).g) Desktop Application:A desktop application is a self-contained programthat performs a defined set of tasks under the user control. Desktopapplications run from a local drive and do not require a network or 12connectivity to operate or function properly, though if attached to a networkdesktop application might use the resources of the network (Socmedtech,2014).f) TheSoftware Development Life Cycle (SDLC)is the process of developing or modifying software systems by following softwaredevelopment methodologies. People, process and technology play a vitalrole in success of the software development lifecycle (Battagiri, 2015).g) Pair programmingis an agile software development technique, where twoor more programmers work together on a software development task. One,thedriver, develops the code while the other, theobserver, reviews thecode developed by the driver. The driver and the observer switch roles to achieve better results (Battagiri, 2015).h) Best practicesare the set of rules followed in software developmentwhich can help in developing software which is effective as well as efficientand within the budget. A combination of best practices can be used to bestfit a specific software development environment. The core agile softwareprogramming practices (versionone.com) are the following: Iterative development, Test driven development, Quality testing, Requirement change management, Following standard coding practices,13 Software version control. Project management best practices help us successfully initiate,plan, execute, monitor, control and close our projects. Best practicesrepresent the practical application of the concepts, processes, andtools defined in the project (Battagiri, 2015). Summary This chapter introduces the problem statement and objective of the project.The nature and significance of the project are discussed. Limitations of this projectimplementation are also addressed. Important terms and keywords are brieflyexplained, which are necessary to understand the project. The next chapterdiscusses the framework and research methodologies used to conduct the project in detail. 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Juxtaposition and Paradox free essay sample

In the beginning acts of Macbeth, William Shakespeare uses juxtaposition and paradox to set off contrasts between characters, ideas, and events. Detail the differences between juxtaposition and paradox. Also, relate how he uses juxtaposition to illuminate characters and paradox to compare and contrast thematic ideas and plot. A paradox is when an author uses apparently contradictory statements to get at some underlying truth. Juxtaposition, on the other hand, refers to placing two contrasting elements in proximity to each other to achieve some literary effect. As a writer, Shakespeare used both of these literary device to contrast characters, ideas, and events in his stories. It is seen most in the play Macbeth with the porter and the stability of good and evil. The most prominent example of juxtaposition that Shakespeare uses is the porter in Macbeths castle. The porter comes into the scene shortly after Duncan has been murdered. He then begins to make some intense jokes. We will write a custom essay sample on Juxtaposition and Paradox or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For example he says â€Å"Here’s a knocking indeed! If a man were porter of hell-gate, he should have old turning the key† (II. iii. 1). The porter is saying that if someone had the job of unlocking the gates of hell is would be a strenuous job. This is a reference to Macbeth and to his most current actions. One of the most common literary devices seen in Macbeth, are paradoxes. One of the first things in the play that Macbeth says is, ‘So foul and fair a day I have not seen’ (I. iii. 38). By this Macbeth is commenting that the day has been both good and bad. This is contradicting itself in the fact that the day is either good or bad. Similarly the three witches say â€Å"fair is foul and foul is fair† (I. i. 12). To them they believe what is ugly is beautiful and what is beautiful is ugly. The easiest way to understand this is to think of the idea of yin and yang. There is good in evil and evil in good yet they work together and create a balance in the world. All in all, Juxtaposition and paradox were used heavily in Shakespeare’s work. It gave him the ability to compare and contrast different character and ideas. The use of juxtaposition compared two ideas to show their differences. Paradox on the other hand was a statement that contradicted itself to then make a dramatic point.