Discipline and Improve Students Behaviour in Classroom...

The problem of how best to discipline and improve students’ behaviour in classroom is of permanent interest. This review is oriented to searching different methodologies concerning students’ behaviour in classrooms, teachers’ discipline strategies and behavioural management. Different points of view and different examples for appropriate behaviour have been discussed referring to the topic. The sources reviewed present different solutions. This paper examines also the classroom environment and its relation to successful behaviour implementation. The first paragraphs give different definitions conversant with behaviour and discipline according to the authors’ view. The continuation of the literature review is presented by different†¦show more content†¦They claim that confidence is one of the most important characteristic that influence teachers’ effectiveness in classroom management. Giallo and Little (2003, 22) based on the previous statem ent of Evans Tribble accept that less confident teachers seem more vulnerable to stressful classrooms. They maintain the theory that the classroom stress is a reason for giving up a teacher’s career. In school the stress can be overcome through involving of drastic measures concerning managing a good discipline. One of the most popular strategy for solving behaviour problems is punishment. By reason of the popularity of the subject in the field of education, many experts have written articles and books as well as given lectures on discipline and punishment. Anne Catey based on Dreikur’s words considers that there is no need of using punishment in class. Based on Catey’s words kids need to have a chance they can share their ideas in the class (1). This is the best way to â€Å"smooth, productive functioning in schools† (Charles, C.M, 1999). Anne Catey from Cumberland High School gets an interview from several teachers in Illinois district about their discipline practices. She accepts the suggestion given by Lawrence as mentioning that, â€Å"very effective technique is a brief conference, either in the hallway or after class, with the misbehaving student† (Punishment, 1). Anne Catey has her own techniques for classroom management. She disagreesShow MoreRelatedBeha viour Management Essay1653 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay will compare and contrast two theories of behaviour management by Carl Rogers and BF Skinner and argue ways in which one of these theories could be implemented for a particular context and practice. Roger’s theory is based on a humanistic approach, while Skinner’s theory takes a behaviourist approach; each theory has both benefits and shortcomings. Their views form opposite ends of the learning spectrum. These theories will be examined as their respective works address the underlying issueRead MoreAdhd, A Common Neurobehavioral Condition1474 Words   |  6 Pagescommonly abbreviated to ADHD is a common neurobehavioral condition that affects 5 to 8 percent of school aged children. Students with ADHD can be hyperactive or easily distracted most of the time, even when they are trying to concentrate. People who are diagnosed with having ADHD have a hard time organising things, listening to instructions, rememberi ng details, and controlling their behaviour (Donatelle, 2009). Children who are diagnosed with ADHD have been shown to have slight differences in brain functionRead MoreReflection On Learning How To Create Safe And Supportive1059 Words   |  5 PagesSupportive Classroom Natasa Milunovic American College of Education â€Æ' Several different topics were covered in Creating Safe and Supportive Classroom course. There were few topics that stood out for me such as: Positive Behavior Support System (PBSS), classroom management and discipline, and the importance of teaching social-emotional skills. The most important elements of each topic will be discussed in this paper. Classroom discipline and behaviour management in an individual classroom can be greatlyRead MoreMy Professional Practice Setting1451 Words   |  6 Pagesprofessional practice setting, during the previous OFSTED inspection dated 2013 was deemed â€Å"GOOD† for the behaviour and safety of pupils (appendix 1). During Physical Education lessons I interact with single gender groups across the whole school. Through my interactions with pupils I would consider that pupils come from a good social and moral background, with a high percentage of these students being Muslim. Being Muslin and worshiping at Mosque they are required to be respectful and behave in anRead MoreAdvantages Of Evaluation Of Learning Process959 Words   |  4 Pagesnew ways to improve on it. PERSONAL CONTEXT Evaluation is a part of everything we do which means its an integral part of any program. In every program, data is collected in an on-going basis and the data collected is used continuously to improve the program. In an educational program it is used to assess the level of knowledge and understanding of the student in her class during the period of study. SOCIAL CONTEXT Evaluation deals on the natural activities and processes students do both in theRead MoreSkills And Professional Education Requirements1025 Words   |  5 Pagesof my teaching areas, and be expert enough to be able to explain and teach them. As a former student, I recognise that I should training the techniques of teaching in order to advance my skills, however, if I get diverse and a lot of experience, it does not really matter because there are continuously new techniques developments, new ideas and new technologies out there for me to use and pick up to improve my future teaching. To guarantee I can find alternate pedagogies, I have to stay to involveRead MoreManaging Behaviours in the Learning Environment1570 Words   |  7 PagesUnit 9 – Managing behaviours in the learning environment 1. Identify a range of behaviours that you have encountered when delivering learning in different learning situations. Provide an analysis of the impact of those behaviours on others and yourself, with particular reference to the impact of learning. Making reference to relevant reading, review factors which may influence the behaviours that you have identified. I could argue that some Trainees don’t realise or know they are behaving inappropriatelyRead MoreConducive Classroom1580 Words   |  7 PagesBackground of the Study Student achievement has always been considered the ultimate objective in the classroom, and rightly so.   It would make sense then to seek guidance from teachers who have had great success with their students.  Students are unable to learn in a haphazard environment, thus students will not be able to achieve their full potential.  Students simply cannot learn to the best of their ability in a chaotic environment.  Classroom management is an integral part of student achievement even beingRead MoreFeeling Proud to Wear School Uniforms Essay1015 Words   |  5 PagesStudents Should Wear Mandated School Uniforms A uniform is a standard set of clothes that is worn by a group of people. These people may be members of an organization or a group of people having the same ideas. There are thousands of kinds of uniform in the world. Police officers, firefighters, doctors, lawyers, security guards, and even McDonald’s workers wear uniforms when they are on duty. School uniforms are a controversial discussion among schools today. Many schools have already adopted aRead MoreEssay tipe questions1735 Words   |  7 Pages1.1) The factors making education provision in post-modern societies an extremely and complex specialised task. In post-modern societies multi-culture has an impact, because there are various languages that are spoken. That isn’t the only factors it is various religions and different ethnic groups, with their own culture heritage contribution. Learners are unique in various phases of their development with changing needs. They are also different according to aptitudes and interest. Besides all that

A Passage to India Analysis Free Essays

The reflection of fear and hope problem in is a book published in 1924 by E. M Forster which portrays the colonized India under the rule of Britain and further explores the problem whether it’s possible that friendship can be established regardless of the separation of religions and social status. The question deals with the emotion of fear and hope and also the roles they play in the novel. We will write a custom essay sample on A Passage to India Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Both of the two emotions here not merely refer to the feelings but also, they reflect the different personal characters and the problems concerned with the social status and cultural background. In this book, fear and hope are conveyed in ways of the expression of the setting and opening passage, detailed description and symbolism. This essay is going to talk about the application and representation of fear and hope, also their roles of deepening the theme of the book.. In , the opening passage of each chapter lays the foundation for the emotion. Fear and hope are played up via the description of colors and outer environment. Chapter one is very beginning and in consideration of the fact that the readers have no knowledge about text itself, the narrator applies the methods of setting off to let the basic emotion stand out. In the sentences: â€Å"There are no bathing steps on the river front, as the Ganges happens not to be holy here†, â€Å"In the bazaars there is no painting and scarcely any carving. †, the narrator depicted a whole image and background which is dull, hopeless and without much indication of living. At the very beginning the narrator mentions about â€Å"the Marabar Caves† about which â€Å"nothing† can be said exactly doesn’t exist. This kind of ironic way opens up the discussion and to some extent indicates the hopelessness. The very first setting of the whole background brings reader to fearful situation but raises the reader the expectancy for the plots to go on and find â€Å"hope†. The following paragraphs connect the feelings with specific parts of the components of settings. The setting of the city seems to be exposed fully and â€Å"nothing hideous†. And the expression of natural views seems to give people a gleam of hope but in another way, it foreshadows that there’s going to be storm on the peaceful and calm land. Going with the plots of the book, the opening passage of part two has the strongest emotionality and seems to be the climax in the setting. At first, the scene is switched to the past. And then a group of words to describe the environment are applied to stress the darkness. â€Å"abruptly, insanely, wildest† . The cave part of the paragraph creates the extreme and jumpy joy in nature which forms the contrast with the depression and hopeless deep down at the bottom of human beings. Darkness is often together with fear and scary. The description of cave which goes that â€Å"Even when they open towards the sun, very little light penetrates down the entrance tunnel into the circular chamber. † This is an innuendo of the mental situation of people that time, no matter Indian or British. Their hearts are like the chamber and their emotions are confined there. Little fresh air can come inside and this leads to the consequence of distorted human integrity which contains the deepest fear about the truth, the good and the beautiful. Obviously, the purest part of human nature faded and this is final situation of hopelessness. The narrator delineates the original image of the cave and its impression which correlates the later part of creating the intensive atmosphere when the narrative centre comes onto the stage. Part 3 is the denouement of the book.. It shows us the picture after howling wind and torrential rain. The song and the chord from Hinduism explain the peace created and the new hope brought out. In spite of the indirect indication, the detailed description is also exemplified on the main characters: Dr. Aziz, Mrs Moore, Miss Adela and a group of British Villains. Some typical examples are : the dialogue between Dr Aziz and Mr Callendar and Mrs Lesley about the tonga, Mrs Moore and Dr. aziz first dialogue, Ronny and his mother talk about Indians, the collector and Fielding’s argument and people’s comments after Miss Adela announces that all is her delusion. Throughout all these details, the narrator tries to use the external factor to express the characters of fear and hope. For example, Dr. Aziz’s talk is elusive and emotional, even though, he is really a straightforward person, these show the dodgery of him. Compared to the status of Mr Fielding and all those British ladies, Dr Aziz’s behavior and talk often run out of order and from the details given when he was about to leave for Marabar Cave, we can find clearly the silly and embarrassing comic effect deliberately created by him. He has shown a natural inferior status in front the British. Sometimes the stronger the evidence is given, thee more the fear is in the text. From the talk between Dr. Aziz and Mrs Callendar, Dr. Aziz’s tone is very assertive. Yet , we can easily find the leak in the later part of his talk that he is exactly very unsatisfied. Also, at the later part, there is a conversation between Mr fielding and the collector. The collecter in the real life is the person who can get hold of power. He uses a lot of words to emphasize his points, for instance: â€Å"excessively, the repetition of no and also the pause during his sentences. † The narrator doesn’t show all the fear and hope directly throughout the text, but he depicted thee details which are able to deflect the mentality of fear and hope. Even though, the characters are sometimes very mighty but we can feel the impotence and fear from the hypocritical exterior. From the situation at the court when everyone knows that Dr Aziz is not guilty, what we see is that everyone holds their words and goes with what the stupid collector says as if they are representing justice, regardless of what Mr fielding also says as a British. It seems to be in a very clear and obvious situation that The British they are stubborn and they hold stigma towards the India, but at the same time this shows a fear towards a totally unfamiliar nation, an unknown religion and a group of unknown people. At the very beginning of the story, there are dialogues between Ronny and his mother, Miss Quested and Mrs Moore. , the misgivings of Dr Aziz by Ronny that Dr Aziz is like the rest of the Indian men are expressed vividly by Ronny’s steadfast and impatient tone by which we can discover the fear of British. They try to convince themselves even when it comes to a ridiculous and unknown situation. The fear of Indian is so obvious by the description of funny and intemperate words and actions. In addition to these two ways, the narrator also uses the symbolism. The three chapters are arranged in the order of weather: â€Å"cool, cold and warm† This develops in the same way as the emotion goes in the text. In Chapter 2, symbolism is used in a implicit way. The echoes in Part 2 represent the feeling of fear. The sound which is described as â€Å"Boum† combined with darkness shows the fear and perplexity of both the British and the Indian. There are different types of fear and hope existing in the text. In the first two chapters, the fear about discrimination and culture difference is mentioned. For example, during the talk about polygamist, we can clearly find the fear inside Dr Aziz about discrimination and the fear about marriage from Adela. Also, the hope of starting a new relationship with Indians is shown from the images of Mrs Moore and Adela. In the last chapter, there shows the hope about the understanding of religion. And the song from Godbole reminds us of peace about religious belief, but by contrast, there is always a gap between Hinduism and Islam. The description of Dr Aziz and other characters become smooth and calm. In front the virtue, Dr Aziz is no longer the clown and in Part three, we can see clearly that Dr Aziz’s talk becomes unoppressively compared to the beginning and climax. The feeling of hope and fear is not expressed directly in the text but it’s still a very important clue throughout the whole book. The narrator firstly brings up the hope and then describes the fear which emphasizes the factor that it’s impossible that the relationship can be established beyond the gap. At the end of the book, it seems to give us a wonderful end but we can still find that there’s a gap between the two people: Dr. Aziz and Fielding who also represent two different cultures. The fuzzier the readers feel about the two feelings, the stronger the effects that are created. This convinces the readers and deepens the theme of the relationship. The narrator uses a very skillful method to express the fear and hope in the text and every character’s personality is depicted fully by the flow of emotion in the book. Also, the emotion exposed helps to develop the story and make the theme clear. The development of the emotion of main character organizes the causal chain of the whole story. Nonetheless, the ways to express and stress the fear and hope don’t change that much which somehow give readers a feeling of getting bored. Even though all the parts are closely related to the plots and theme and sometimes it can be seen that they help the narrator to attract readers attention, we can still find that the methods are not fresh and it becomes very hard to attract or to say continue the readers’ curiosity about the story. The narrator didn’t switch at the right time which causes the readers misunderstanding. By Yuefan A1 SL How to cite A Passage to India Analysis, Papers

A Case Study of Apple Company-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Elucidate the challenges of accounting for multinational corporations. Answer: Introduction: With the expansion of business at international level, it becomes necessary for multinational organizations to adopt the accounting and tax system which not only facilitates multination business but also help in resolving the disputes. Generally, MNCs deal with the issues of ambiguous, inconsistent and ever-changing tax rules. MNCs required effective tax and accounting system because of the following reasons: Economic situations changed as per the country and the region, and there are number of organizations which are trying to recover from downturn from last few years and some organizations are entering into downturn. However, some organizations do not experienced weakness at all; in fact these organizations perform best in comparison of other companies. This happen because of the efficient and effective accounting systems adopted by the organization. Efficient system of accounting is also required by those companies which conduct their business operations in global markets, and because of their operations they increase the competition in the market. System is required to ensure that MNCs are meeting with the foreign tax regulations, and also at the national and local level. Dealing with the issues of budget deficits, it is necessary ensures effective and highlighted sense of tax system in the organization. Accounting system which is not effective and efficient can result in downturn of the organization (Francois, Palepu, and Barley, 2010). This paper discusses the accounting issues faced by multinational corporations, with the help of case study of Apple Inc. Structure of this includes, project objective, project scope, discussion. Lastly, paper is concluded with brief conclusion. Project objective: The main aim of this project is to understand the issues related to accounting faced by multinational organizations while conducting their business operations at global level. This project also states the accounting policies used by the companies for solving these issues. For understanding the concept of accounting issues in MNCs, we choose Apple Inc. Project scope: This project states the different accounting standards adopted by apple Inc. and issues faced by company while launching its products and handling the competition in the external market. This paper also states the accounting regulations and methods adopted by the organization to manage its internal environment. Literature Review: The main and most important function of accounting is to make records of all the transactions which are conducted by the organization, and process through which transaction is identified and qualified is known as bookkeeping. Bookkeeping is narrower in scope in comparison of accounting, and it includes only recording part. Apple Inc. and its wholly- owned subsidiaries engaged in designing and manufacturing of personal computers, communication devices such as mobile, and portable digital music and video players. Apple is also engaged in selling number of different softwares, services, peripherals, and networking solutions. Product of the company is sold out at global level through the online stores, retail stores, its direct sales force, and third party wholesalers, resellers, and value-added resellers. 2017 already imposes various challenges and issues for accountants, but it seems many things are still left such as issues related to regulations and scrutiny. This report also highlights the key accounting issues that might be affecting the practitioners and organizations, and some of these issues are stated below: Uncertain tax positions reporting- this term is commonly referred to as UTP, and accounting related to this term is clarified by FIN48 by recognizing the place of UTP in an enterprises financial statements. It stated that, MNCs must identify, measure, evaluate and disclose all the material uncertain tax positions for all the jurisdiction of tax that are federal, state, and foreign. It is very difficult for MNCs to identify, evaluate, measure, and report the uncertain tax positions because it includes analysis of new, existing, and changed tax positions. It is recommended to the MNCs that they must take into account all the tax jurisdictions and also ensure that all the positions which are filing as well as all non-filing positions must be evaluated on the basis of applicable tax laws. Information related to UTP must be reported and updated on quarterly basis with the filing of the 10Q and 10K. Additionally, financial tax reporting requirements states that taxpayers are also required to disclose UTPs with their annual tax return filing. For solving this issue, it is recommended to the companies which are engaged in international operations such as sales offices, distribution centers and foreign manufacturing facilities must access different FIN 48 UTP positions such as the existence of permanent establishments and requirements related to tax filing, audits of local tax authority and local tax statutes of limitations, Subpart F income and the use of foreign tax credits (Cliff Gunderson, 2011). In 2008, Apple Inc. adopts different new and innovative accounting principles for fulfilling the requirement of accounting for uncertain tax positions. In lieu of these two principles, tax positions in the company are evaluated in a two-step process. Firstly, company determines the whether it is possible that tax position sustained upon the examination. In other words, if tax position meets the recognized threshold then it determines the amount of benefit in financial statements. Tax position is considered as large amount of benefit which is greater than 50% of realized amount after the ultimate settlement. After adopting these new principles, cumulative effect of the company that is change in accounting principle ultimately result in increase of retained earnings of $11million. Historically, company classified interest and penalties and unrecognized tax benefits as current liabilities. Starting the process by adopting these new principles, company classified the non-current liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as gross interest and penalties and unrecognized tax benefits. It includes those gross interests and unrecognized tax benefits which are not expected by organization to receive within the period of one year. Total amount in terms of unrecognized tax benefits on the date of adoption is $475 million, and in case $209 million is recognized then it directly affects the effective tax rate of the company. In consolidated balance sheets, total gross unrecognized tax benefits of the company are considered as non-current liabilities of the company. In 2009, total amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits of the company was almost $971 million from which if $307 million would recognized then it directly affects the effective tax rate of the company (United States, Securities and Exchange Commission, 2010). In 2009, United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit provides its decision in case law Xilinx, Inc. v. Commissioner. In this case, Court held that it was necessary that company includes the stock-based compensation in some particular transfer pricing arrangements entered between a U.S. company and its offshore subsidiary. Organization influenced with the decision of this case, and ensures that its liability in terms of unrecognized tax benefits was increased almost by $86 million, and equity of the shareholder decreased almost by $78 million by the year ended 2009. After considering the above facts it can be said that policy of the company includes the interest and penalties in context of unrecognized tax benefits within the provisions of income taxes, and it did not change because organization adopted new accounting principles in lieu of uncertain tax positions in 2008. After the date of adoption of these new principles company had accrued $203 million as gross interest and penalties in relation to unrecognized tax benefits. During the period of 2009 and 2009 September, the amount of accrued gross interest and penalties was $291 million and $219 million, respectively. This amount was classified as non-current liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. During the period of 2009 and 2008, company recognized the interest expense in connection with tax matters of $64 million and $16 million, respectively. Apple Inc. is subject to taxation and also files income tax return in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and also in many state and foreign juri sdictions (Newsroom, 2010). Other issue faced by company is revenue recognition. Revenue is the most important aspect of financial statements and remains on the top of the financial statements. Revenue is not always compared between companies, and reported amount depends on the time when company recognizes the revenue as earned and not when revenue is received. Current challenges related to revue recognition for MNCs are stated below: Company can adopt new rules on a voluntary basis, and investors in market are looking for early adopters while also remaining vigilant of the shortfalls in the current rules. How company transits to the new rules will importantly impact the trend analysis and any quant-based models or systems. Revenue recognition rules traditionally have two areas of problem that are multi-year projects and multi-component transactions. Both the issues are defined below (Wilfox, 2010): Projects that stretch for multiple years- this can be understood through example, long term projects and investments have fixed or variable costs, multiple deadlines, receipts of uneven cash, and expenses payments. They can also provide a mixture of both goods and services, and these factors make it difficult to estimate the time when revenue should be recorded and in what amounts. Products and services with multiple deliverables- this can be understood through example, in case of technological companies multiple deliverables can be seen which provide the combination of hardware, software, consulting, servicing, support, upgrades and warranties,, and in some cases all factors in one. These products and services can be interdependent, and because of this it becomes difficult for companies to calculate the revenue they earn every quarter. However, stated descriptions only scratch the surface but one of the accounting guideline always stated that revenues must match the expenses. For this purpose, cost must be known and measurable. This usually results that cash payments recorded at different time from the time when revenue is earned (Rosen, 2015). In case of Apple Inc., revenue recognition is considered as most critical accounting policies. Like, majority of the business industry, Apple also used the technique of point-of-sale revenue recognition for sales of hardware, and this also includes the Macintosh and the iPod. This policy states that 100% selling price was considered as revenue by the company at that time when product was shipped to a customer. There are number of customers who directly purchase the products from apple store such as online store or from 170 physical Apple Stores. Other customers purchased the Apple products from resellers such as Amazon.com and Best Buy. Apple further consider, net sales includes revenue from the sale related to hardware, software, digital content and applications, peripherals, and service and support contracts. Company recognizes the revenue at the time when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the sales price in this context is fixed or determinable, and collection is probable. Product is considered deliverable to the consumer at the time when product is shipped and title and risk of loss has been transferred on consumer.in case of produce sale of maximum companies, this criterion is met at the time when product is shipped. In case of online sales to individual, some sales to education customers in the U.S. and for other type of sales, company consider the recognition of revenue till the time when product is received by the consumer,, because in these cases company retains some degree of risk of loss related to these sales during transit. Company mainly recognize the revenue from the sales of hardware products such as Mac computers, iPhones, iPods and peripherals, and those software which is bundled with the hardware that is necessary for the functionality of the hardware and digital content in context of third party sold on the iTunes Store as per the general revenue recognition accounting guidance. Recognition of revenue by company as per the industry specific software accounting guidance for the sales transactions of following types: Stand-alone sales in context of software products. Sales of software upgrades Sale of software in accompany of hardware which are not necessary for the functionality of the hardware. In case of multi-element arrangements which actually includes the tangible products containing software essentials to the tangible products functionality and also some undelivered software elements which are related to the tangible products essential for software and the company allocates revenue to all deliverables which are actually based on relative selling prices. In some situations, new principles establish a particular hierarchy for the purpose of determining the selling price which is used to allocating the revenue to deliverables as follows: Vendor-specific objective evidence of fair value (VSOE). third-party evidence of selling price (TPE) and Best estimate of the selling price (ESP). Apple is singing a new song by adopting the new rules in context of revenue recognition, and this completely changes the way through which it reports its revenues (market watch, 2017). Apple changed its target date for the purpose of adopting its new revenue recognition standard into its second-quarter earnings filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Company stated in its annual report in last October that it starts reporting under the new revenue recognition standards starting with its first quarter of its 2018 fiscal year and later decided to switch back a year. Company further plans to adopt new revenue standards in its first quarter of 2019 by utilizing the full retrospective adoption method. Apple stated in May that changing just the year from its previous disclosure. In other words, company needs to restate its fiscal 2018 results for comparison, and could restate 2017 results as well, and have the numbers re-audited. Apple further stated that new revenue are not ex pected to have a material impact on the amount and timing of revenue recognized in its consolidated financial statements. Both the issues UTP and revenue recognition are most important issues of accounting and for solving thee issues and avoiding legal consequences company must ensure the efficient and effective accounting system. Conclusion: After considering the above facts, it can be said that Apple Inc. also faces various challenges while recording its transactions and while conducting accounting. Above stated issues in context of are uncertain tax positions and revenue recognitions. Both the issues are considered as important issues and required effective accounting system to resolve. In case of UTP, it is necessary that organizations identify, measure, evaluate and disclose all the material uncertain tax positions for all the jurisdiction of tax that are federal, state, and foreign. It is very difficult for MNCs to identify, evaluate, measure, and report the uncertain tax positions because it includes analysis of new, existing, and changed tax positions. On the other hand in case of revue recognition, Apple Inc. considered this as most critical accounting policies. Like, majority of the business industry, Apple also used the technique of point-of-sale revenue recognition for sales of hardware, and this also includes the Macintosh and the iPod. References: Cliffs Gunderson, (2011). Top 5 TAX Challenges And strategies for multinational Companies. Available at: https://www.forteintax.com/wp-content/uploads/international-taxation-trends-challenges.pdf. Accessed on 9th December 2017. Wilfox, J. (2010). Accounting change lifts Apple fiscal Q1 2010 results to over $15.6 billion. Available at: https://betanews.com/2010/01/25/accounting-change-lifts-apple-fiscal-q1-2010-results-to-over-15-6-billion/. Accessed on 9th December 2017. Francois, B. Palepu, K. and Barley, L. (2010). Accounting for the iPhone at Apple Inc.Harvard Business School Case 111-003. Market watch, (2017). Apple changes tune on new revenue-recognition rules. Available at: https://www.marketwatch.com/story/apple-changes-tune-on-new-revenue-recognition-rules-2017-07-31. Accessed on 9th December 2017. Rosen, M. (2015). Problems with Revenue Recognition. Available at: https://www.advisor.ca/investments/market-insights/problems-with-revenue-recognition-177385. Accessed on 9th December 2017. Newsroom, (2010). Apple Reports First Quarter Results. Available at: https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2010/01/25Apple-Reports-First-Quarter-Results/. Accessed on 9th December 2017. United States, Securities and Exchange Commission, (2010). Documents Incorporated By Reference. Available at: https://investor.apple.com/secfiling.cfm?filingid=1193125-10-238044. Accessed on 9th December 2017. Xilinx, Inc. v. Comm'r, 567 F.3d 482 (9th Cir. 2009).

Media Worldview Essay Example

Media Worldview Essay Brandy Cain March 2, 2013 CVW 101 G. Malloy Media Worldview The movie I chose was It’s A Wonderful Life. It is one of my favorite movies. I think it’s a classic and everyone should watch it at least once. The movie is based on the life of George Bailey. You know from the beginning that the worldview is Christian because it starts with everyone praying for George. George is a troubled man going thru a hard time and an angel named Clarence Odbody comes down to show him how different his life would be if he had never been born. Clarence has to save George so he can obtain his wings. The head angels Franklin and Joseph show Clarence Georges life up till now. George lives in New Bedford, NY. It’s a small town where everyone knows everyone. George’s father owns the Bailey Building and Loan Association. From when George was a child to his adult life the Bailey Building and Loan Association is in danger of going out of business. George Bailey is the type of person who sacrifices his own dreams for those of others. When George was 12 he saved his baby brother Harry after he falls into a frozen pond. We will write a custom essay sample on Media Worldview specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Media Worldview specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Media Worldview specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He ended up losing his earring after getting a cold from being in the freezing water. George worked at the local pharmacy. He realized that the druggist, Mr. Gower, has just received a telegram saying that his son had died. He was so distraught that he put poison in a pill supposed to be given to a child. George notices this and doesn’t deliver the medicine. The druggist is so mad that he hits George in his bad ear. George then explains to Mr. Gower that he made a mistake. Mr. Gower forgives George. After graduating high school George goes to work at the Bailey Building to save money to go to college. It takes him 4 years and his brother Harry is now graduating from high school. George’s dad wishes he could send both of his sons to college at the same time. George explains that Harry can do the same thing as he has done. George goes to celebrate Harry’s graduation. He dances with Mary Hatch who has had a crush on George for years. One of the other guys who was after Mary was upset that George stole her from him so he plays a prank on them. Underneath the dance floor opens up to a swimming pool. George and Mary were dancing on the crack of the floor. When the floor starts to open George and Mary are unaware and think that they must be dancing every good. They fall in and start dancing in the pool. Everyone see how much fun they are having so they jump in. That same night George’s father dies from a stroke. George has to put his plans on seeing the world on hold to run his father’s company. Harry and Mary go off to college leaving George behind. Four years Harry returns with a wife whose father has given him an excellent opportunity that George can’t let Harry pass up. George goes to visit Mary and professes his love to her and a few months later they get married. After their wedding the Bailey Building is about to be foreclosed upon and George and Mary take the $2000 saved for their honeymoon and give it to the customers. George and Mary have four children: Pete, Susan, Tommy, and Zuzu. George building Bailey Park an affordable housing project. On the day the bank examiner comes George’s uncle Billy has lost the $8000 they owe. They try and trace down his tracks but do not find the money. George tries to get a loan and fails. He lashes out at his family because he is so distraught. It’s Christmas Eve and he decided to go to the bar and get drunk. He runs is car into a tree and feels he would be worth more dead than alive and stands on top of the bridge about to jump. Clarence his angel shows George Potterville. George sees his life is worth something and heads home. He is greeted with friends and family giving him money to save him from bank fraud. Clarence was able to get his wings. You know his happens when George’s daughter hears a bell and says, â€Å"Every time a bell rings an angel gets his wings. †

Testing for Honesty

Testing for Honesty According to the Salvation Army, "charity begins at home." The Salvation Army realized that it had a problem with theft among its kettle workers, the people who collect money for the Army during Christmas season. Apparently, some of the kettlers were helping themselves to the Army's money before the organization had a chance to give it out. To put a stop to this problem the Salvation Army along with other business organizations implemented the use of honesty tests for prospective employers, which would aim at flushing out potential troublemakers.Honesty tests also measure an applicant's tendency toward drug use and violence. All three categories: honesty, drugs, and violence play are key role in companies' losses according to the makers of these tests. A company's loss can be huge when taking into consideration compound problems, such as the cost of employee drug use in terms of absenteeism, lost initiative, inattentiveness, accidents, diminished productivity, and employee violence c osts companies millions of dollars in damage, lost productivity and law suites.Newman, CA Army Reserve Training Center 2 October ...Honesty-test makers say that the only way to deal with these problems is before workers are hired, not after. Therefore, prospective employees should be subject to a pre-employment psychological test that will identify those prospective employees who will be likely to steal, who have a history of violence or emotional instability, or who have used illegal drugs in the past on a regular basis. It is believe that dishonest job applicants are clever enough to fool potential employees at a job interview. They have a way of conducting themselves that is probably superior to the low-risk person because they have learned what it takes to be accepted and how to overcome the normal interview strategy. Therefore, the high-risk dishonest person will get the job unless there is someway to screen them,

5 Categories of Unnecessary Scare Quotes

5 Categories of Unnecessary Scare Quotes 5 Categories of Unnecessary Scare Quotes 5 Categories of Unnecessary Scare Quotes By Mark Nichol Each of the sentences in this post demonstrates a distinct example of superfluous use of quotation marks to call attention to a word or phrase. The discussion following each example explains why the scare quotes are extraneous. 1. Companies need to reevaluate, and perhaps â€Å"retrofit,† their existing programs. Retrofit is not being used in its literal sense of â€Å"renovating to enhance structural resistance to earthquake damage,† but analogous use of the word does not require scare quotes, which are helpful only when the analogy is obscure: â€Å"Companies need to reevaluate, and perhaps retrofit, their existing programs.† 2. Such a strategy must include thinking â€Å"outside the box.† Idiomatic phrases, like single words used as nonliteral analogies, are generally understood as such and do not require special emphasis: â€Å"Such a strategy must include thinking outside the box.† 3. So-called â€Å"softer† impediments often require as much attention as technical hurdles. So-called signals that a word or phrase is not being used in a literal or customary sense. Scare quotes signal that a word or phrase is not being used in a literal or customary sense. Redundancy is not necessary, nor is it required: â€Å"So-called softer impediments often require as much attention as technical hurdles.† 4. Information should be restricted to those individuals designated as having a â€Å"need to know.† Words and phrases adopted from specialized contexts- otherwise known as jargon (such an introduction of a concept as this doesn’t merit quotation marks, either)- are either sufficiently transparent in meaning that they don’t need emphasis or definition or should be omitted in favor of clear wording; in this case, a phrase originating in the milieu of classified government documents is self-evident: â€Å"Information should be restricted to those individuals designated as having a need to know.† 5. It is imperative to understand â€Å"what to do† as well as â€Å"what not to do.† Here, the writer invites the reader to glean the key phrases in the sentence, but the gist of the statement is obvious, and the scare quotes are distracting and not at all helpful: â€Å"It is imperative to understand what to do as well as what not to do.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Idioms About NumbersWork of Art TitlesWood vs. Wooden

Complacent Employee, Sharon B. Buchbinder Case Study

Complacent Employee, Sharon B. Buchbinder - Case Study Example He feels beleaguered with all the busy schedule and work load and believes that his work is loved by all teachers and students. He works for long hours and stays at school till late hours to attend to all the needs and requirements of the students in the school. He is dedicated to his work assisting troubled kids and at times their families. His office is often filled with kids that need to be psychological assistance and are troubled from problem arising from either at school or home. This case involves Miller, who is satisfied with is work being fired by the administration because it aims to cut down on its cut backs and budgets. It is during one of this session that he receives an unexpected visitor. The unexpected visitor was his Boss miss Harriet who rarely visited. It was the first time for her to come to Miller’s office. When, he saw her miller immediately suspected that something was amiss. Her visits to the elementary school were always brief as she only greeted and a t times grinned to people and left the premises shortly after. However in this occasion she had something, to share with Miller and, he suspected that it was something serious. According to Miller his job entailed counseling troubled kids and ensuring that they did not end up in any stupid act. For instance, the kid he was tending to shortly before Harriet arrived was threatening to kill herself by taking several pills (Buchbinder, 380). Although, Miller was a hard worker and concentrated fully on his main task of counseling he was wrong on ignoring other prescriptions of his work. The job entitled him to write reports to administration to illustrate his contribution to the school. However, he ignored this thus leading to the administration to conclude that he was doing nothing. Although he explains to his boss that he is industrious, and works for lengthy hours he was wrong to ignore writing of reports which was significant to the administration. By ignoring his duties, and assumin g the reports could wait was wrong. Bob also assumed that the reports meant for the superiors were unnecessary (Buchbinder, 379). This was detrimental to his career because part of the consequence would be him losing his job. Without those reports, this was because his superiors could not know whether he was performing his duties but assume that he was sitting at his desk doing nothing. The administration way of assessing its employees is ineffective. This is because no one supervises Bob or requests for the reports. This indicates the weakness of the school administration. It does not have a personal touch with it employees thus leading to the situation such as Bob’s. It is only ethical that when someone makes a mistake mostly in the working place, they should be warned at least once before firing them. It came as a shock to Bob when the news of his lay off was broken to him as he was not aware. Everything was done in a short notice that did not even prepare him psychologica lly. Bad news, such as a person losing a job is not something that should be done in a hurried manner, for they might cause serious repercussions (Sims, 1). The administration should have at least notified its employees of the planned layoffs. This was unfair to the employees such as Bob who are left jobless without an arranged plan B. Using a short notice to fire puts Bob in a peculiar position as he believes he has devoted his life to labor for the school; thus he deserves a decent treatment despite his flaws. It is also disheartening to discover that the administration has already lined up a replacement for Bob even before he has left. The administration has already hired the services of a part-time psychologist from Melville middle School to take Bob’s position (Buchbinder, 380). However, it is true that Bob’

International Student at MSU and the Problem They Face Essay

International Student at MSU and the Problem They Face - Essay Example In short, the MSU can help itself in attracting a large number of international students years-on if the offered environment is congenial enough for international students that all their important issues get a patient listening by the authorities at the helm of affairs. International students wanting to study are not accustomed to the new way of life waiting them at MSU. A good chunk of their time gets in updating their VISA documentation work completed, leaving no time to do research on the new environment. So a feeling of discomfort circumvents when sudden problems surface, making them confused as to how to overcome the problems, which could be social or psychological or any other related matter of concern. One such social problem is that of communication with the native students (Jang, 2005). The most important social problem of international students is communication, as it becomes a big hindrance to them. They are not as good in the spoken form of English as are the natives. As belonging to different cultural backgrounds, they don’t get the desired environment and feel aloof like strangers. They cannot express their views on topics of interest comfortably with their American and other international classmates, as they also come from different cultural and social backgrounds. ... orientation courses can be offered to such students to increase not only their English speaking skills but reading and writing skills as well (Jang, 2005). Another most important problem of International students is although academic but it strains them psychologically, as they get psychologically affected to first focus on attempting their majors so that they become eligible for scholarship. They cannot ignore either English learning or their majors, devoting their time equally on both. Time becomes the major hindrance in communicating with others. Miscommunication sometimes adds to their problems, as they cannot speak English as fast as the natives. It promotes unpleasantness among students belonging to various countries and the native students (Jang, 2005). The most important administrative problems are concerned with student ID cards, billing, and payment procedures. Students require keeping two identities, one is passport identity and the other is SMSU student identity card or à ¢â‚¬Å"Mustang ID†. Students have to carry their student identity card with them all times. Without showing their identity card, they cannot get access to library and computer labs. Administrative staff can ask them to show their international student identity any time. Further, students need to follow the deadline of depositing fee and other expenses, which are quite crucial from students’ perspective because a shortage of funds can be decisive to the progress of their semester. Students, therefore, need to be always on the alert to be disciplined in all academic and administrative matters (SMSU, 2010). One Korean student, named Tim, told that she felt hesitant in asking unrelated questions in the classroom. She was under the impression that only related and selected questions can be asked

Flying vs. Driving Essay Example for Free

Flying vs. Driving Essay Flying vs. Driving Countless times a year, people wander from state to state and/or country to country for various reasons such as working, visiting loved ones, or maybe even searching for an escape from the norm. As obvious as this may sound, the complexity of traveling today has become quite the sight to behold. With the worlds revolutionary technology, commuting has been taken to a whole new level. Although there are many different forms of travel, the most popular are by boat, by train, by a plane thousands of feet in the air, and even the most common type, by automobile. These ypical methods all provide their own unique experiences for the traveler, and they all come with an ever Increasing label. Each of these travel methods has its own distinctive characteristics. Particularly, considering the two most common types, plane or automobile, people should consider their differences to have better travel experiences. Even though soaring through the air is less common than driving, flying is arguably the most effective means of getting from place to place. While travelers might run Into a couple familiar faces while flying, most likely they will be crowded nto small seats next to complete strangers. In some situations, they may end up securing a strong companionship with the person or people sitting next to them on the plane. This usually leads to having casual conversation for the duration of the flight. unfortunately, in other situations, a traveler may get stuck sitting next to the guy in a trench coat who he or she thought was a terrorist upon first glance at the airport! On the other hand, although driving may be a more time consuming process, this type of traveling provides time for more Interaction, as well as extra sights to see

Augustine :: essays research papers

Midterm Exam Approaches to God 267 1) What do Luther, Aquinas, Augustine, Decartes, and Kierkeguard hold about the relationship between faith and reason? All of these great philosophers had varying views on the relationship between faith and reason. Martin Luther was a key historical figure and a key historical figure of his time. He rose to fame for his 95 thesis and is credited with bringing about the Protestant Reformation. Luther was a feidest- everything opens to faith with no regard to reason. He believed people were saved â€Å"by faith alone†. St Thomas Aquinas did not have the same views as Luther. He was a mitigated rationalist who believed in both faith and reason. Aquinas argued that reason preceded faith. St Thomas, a mendicant fryer, was a believer in the unity of truth. St Augustine of Hippo, a well respected, top-notch philosopher was one of the greatest thinkers of his time. The great Augustine was also a mitigated rationalist. Unlike Aquinas, Augustine believed faith preceded reason. He took ancient thought and applied it to the bible. He believed man was good, but not perfect. Augustine’s theory that faith precedes reason can be best summed up by citing his famous quote, â€Å"I believe in order that I may understand†. St Augustine was a giant in philosophy and continues to be studied today. Decartes, who invented the Cartesian Plain, wanted to make philosophy as precise as his beloved mathematics. He often related philosophy to the principles of geometry and fineness. Decartes operated out of the theory of doubt, he doubted everything. However he did not doubt the fact that he could think. He felt that he could not think without existing. Hence he came up with the notion â€Å"I think therefore I am.† Decartes ultimately pulled faith away from reason and completely separated their relationship. Kierkeguard was the father of modern existentialism. He stresses the individual as an existentialist he created three levels. The first level was an aesthetic level, second was an ethical, in which one leads a good life, and the third and highest level was called the â€Å"leap of faith†, the religious level. 2) Is natural theology a science? Why or why not? When determining whether or not natural theology is a science or not, we encounter many different opinions. Some may argue yes, while others argue no. The definition of Philosophy comes into play here. Philosophy- the science which studies all things in their ultimate causes by the light of natural reason.

Gave willingly to the company Essay

In my own personal experience I found that in Ikea there were many divorcees and single people. There were also an unusually high number of couples that had met through Ikea and then worked together in the same building. Some of the divorcees openly blamed their relationship break-up on the fact that they work for Ikea; their partners simply did not understand the commitment, in terms of time, that they gave willingly to the company. My own relationship with my partner started to suffer quite soon after the initial 3-month period, I had bonded with my new colleagues and I was enthusiastic and committed to this new way of working my attitude to work and my commitment had changed in favour of Ikea (Festinger, 1957). As a manager it was encouraged that examples should be set by giving that little bit extra to help co-workers across the store, so for example; if the tills were busy at the end of the evening it was an unspoken rule that all managers should stay until closing time to help clear the backlog of customers, this sometimes meant leaving the store an hour and a half after the official end of the day. I found it difficult to go against the norm as everyone else appeared to take it for granted, I wanted to leave at my normal time of 6.00pm but found it impossible to do so when my colleagues were staying behind and helping out. Solomon Asch describes this type of behaviour as yielding (Gross, 1996: Ch 20) conforming to group pressure. Festinger talks about the five conditions for increased fervour in a belief following the disconfirmation of a belief, this is comparable to an example when a close friend of mine at Ikea (store manager) had been working hard and consequently there had been some irrevocable conflict within his marriage about the job and the expectations of Ikea. After his initial split with his wife he dealt with her condemnation of Ikea by â€Å"spreading the word of Ikea† with increased enthusiasm and renewed passion, he saw the Ikea family as his support network and this reliance on the company and Ikea â€Å"family members† simply reinforced the belief in his decision (Festinger, 1959) of ending his marriage. On a similar personal level my job and my alliance to it became an increasing problem at home. My behaviour changed at home, I made excuses about going into work early and staying late. In the initial few months I found myself defending Ikea as I felt so close to my new colleagues and didn’t want to let them down, however as time went on I realised that I missed the quality time with my partner and I saw that my priorities had become affected by my commitment to work. At work I saw friends splitting up with their partners because of similar reasons and then justifying their action by criticising their relationship. This type of validation for their behaviour resembles what Festinger wrote about in â€Å"When Prophecy Fails†. Where dissonance is rationalised through the support of your fellow believers (in this case fellow co-workers). After 12 months I sustained an injury that lead to a back operation and this period away from work (3 months) gave me time to reflect on my time there and started to see how I had been influenced by the Ikea way and how I had conformed to this way incredibly fast. Conformity involves a change of behaviour or opinion in order to fit in with a group. According to Crutchfield â€Å"Conformity is a yielding to group pressure when there is no direct request to comply with the group. † (Gross, 1996: 479). However according to Zimbardo & Leippe † Conformity is a change in belief or behaviour in response to real or imagined group pressure where there is no direct request to comply with the group norm. † (Gross, 1996:479). Majority influence is when a larger group influences a smaller group or individual. Although Asch was generally concerned with how one can resist majority influence and pressure, his experiments are generally deemed to exhibit the power of majority influence. Similar to the influence of the majority found in Ikea. Needless to say upon my return I decided to leave Ikea and 3 months later I moved to another job with a different company. In the first few weeks I felt a great sense of great loss almost a grief my regrets were therefore twofold, I felt a regret of leaving the fold of Ikea and also a regret that conflicted with this and that was of not realising sooner my behavioural and attitude changes that had affected my personal life. In summing up this paper we have looked at Ikea and how its culture was aligned to sociological groups. We have covered the way of working within this organisation and how this relates to conformity and group influence again drawing parallels to similar sociological findings. It has been interesting journey to relate this instance where my own personal experience has been influenced by the belonging of a group, especially a group with such strong cultural roots as Ikea. The analogies found in this paper make it more understandable as to how social influences can have such wide-ranging affects on individuals. And how many situations (from the impact of TV on the masses through to major historical events such as the rise of Nazism) can arise. It certainly makes the self and our interaction with others food for thought. References (Festinger, 1957) Gross, 1996: 448 â€Å"cognitive dissonance theory†. Gross, R. (1999). The Science of Mind and Behavior. (3rd Ed). Hodder & Stoughton. Press) (Festinger, 1959)

Empire of the Sun Essay

Empire of the Sun In this essay will be talking about how Ballard shows Jim changing over the course of the book The Empire of the Sun. I am splitting the essay into 5 paragraphs: What Jim is like at the start of the novel, Jim’s first upheaval, the prison camps, the way Dr Ransong and Bassie treat Jim and the contrast, finally what Jim is like at the end of the novel. At the start of this book, Ballard shows us a typical English schoolboy living in Shanghai. This boy Jim and his family are very wealthy, so you can imagine what sort of lifestyle Jim was living in: Big house, servants that he can call on 24/7, a bike, many toys including aeroplanes. Then there are his clothes: A school blazer and cap. He is also is taught Latin. This shows us that he is very much surrounded by money and anything he could ever wish for. This creates an impression that he leads a very sheltered life and that he does understand reality. Jim has a very normal life. Everything is working well for him. Until one day before he starts school, the Chinese fleet attack the â€Å"Petrol† (a Japanese gun boat. ) This is the first big upheaval in Jim’s life. This is totally unexpected to Jim. Nothing like this has ever happened before in Jim’s life, so it comes as a surprise to him. Ballard gives us the sense that Jim is a very ignorant boy because he thought that he started the war when he was flash his light at the opposite Chinese gun boat, and after the bombs had gone he still thought that he would go to school. This shows a lack of maturity and common sense. This gives us a very bad picture of what Jim is like as a person. He thinks that he will still be able to go to school even though there is a war going on. Most people would think that he would be mad to think that. Ballard makes us see Jim as a very naive person. During the book, Jim spends a lot of the time in a prison camp. When he gets to the first camp, he befriends an American called Bassie. He persuades Bassie to help him find his parents in return for a reward. This gives Bassie an opportunity to use Jim for any errands that he has for Jim, and for this Jim gets a little something in return. This is a complete change of lifestyle for Jim. He normally gets people to do his work for him, but now Bassie is making him do work for him. During his stay at the detention centre, Jim experiences hunger, disease and hallucinations. This again is another new experience for Jim. If he had the slightest illness when he was with his parents, he would get the best treatment for the illness, but now he has lost his parents, he has to fend for himself. I think he copes with it very well. He manages to survives and moves on with his life When Jim and Bassie to another camp called Lunghua, Dr Ransong starts teaching him Latin. I think the reason he does is to try and keep Jim as a child. This is because he is losing his childhood because of the war. It is just trying to keep Jim safe until he matures fully. The way Dr Ransong and Bassie treat Jim are very different. Dr Ransong tries to keep Jim as a child to try and protect him from any dangers that occur. Bassie on the other hand, he treats Jim as a young adult. This is because Bassie want Jim’s trust so that he can do more for him. Bassie tries to keep Jim alive by telling him the way to survive is to steal the metal food bowls in the detention centre from the dead people. So Jim is split two ways, Dr Ransong is trying to maintain Jim’s ignorance of the world by keeping his childhood to keep him safe, and Bassie is trying to make Jim look at the world very broadly so that Jim can survive and so Jim can keep doing jobs for Bassie. At the end of the novel, Jim is a transformed child. He has gone from being a nai ve 10 year old, to being a mentally scarred 14 year old with a certain understanding of war and life in general. He has lost his childhood completely because of the death and war that he has experienced.

James Baldwin essays

James Baldwin essays James Baldwin was born in Harlem on August 2, 1924. His name at birth was James Arthur Jones. Baldwin never knew his father; his mother, who was originally from Maryland, was named Emma Burdis Jones. In 1927, she married David Baldwin, a Baptist preacher and factory worker from New Orleans with a twelve-year-old son, and thus the future writer received the last name that he was to make famous. Together the couple went on to have six children of their own, three sons and three daughters, the last of which was born on the same day that David Baldwin died, July 29, 1943. In 1935, James entered Frederick Douglass Junior High School, where he wrote for and helped to edit the school magazine. From 1938 until his graduation in 1942, Baldwin attended De Witt Clinton High School in the Bronx. He had a religious experience in 1938, and for the next three years was a boy preacher at Fireside Pentecostal Assembly, a phase of his life that ended at the time of his high-school graduation. For the next several years, he worked at a variety of jobs, including waiting tables in Greenwich Village, where he had moved to further his artistic ambitions. In 1944, he met Richard Wright, author of the novel Native Son and the soon-to-be-published autobiography Black Boy, who encouraged his literary ambitions and recommended hi to his own publisher. Write allowed Baldwin the financial freedom he needed to concentrate solely on his writing. In 1948 Baldwin moved to Paris where he joined a group of black writers and artists that included Chester Himes, Richard Wright and Ollie Harrington. His first novel, Go Tell It on the Mountain in 1953, concerned a young boy coming to terms with the religious beliefs of his father. His second novel, Giovanni's Room in 1956, is an account of an American living in Paris. In 1957 Baldwin return to the United States where he became involved in the struggle for civil rights. Baldwin quickly discovered that social con...

Air quality Essay Example for Free (#2)

Air quality Essay ? The quality f air that we breathe in today has significantly reduced over the years. Atmospheric air contains nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and rare inert gases. Of these, the two highly inevitable ones are oxygen and carbon dioxide. Theses are important for the survival of life n the planet: 02 is useful for animals and CO2 for photosynthesis in plants. The quality of these gases is determined by availability and its pollution-free state. Both factors have contributed to the present unfavorable status quo of these gases with respect to the sustenance of life on the planet. Many conferences have held in nations of the world; quite a handful of International Summit have held to address the prevalent menace of environmental pollution that threatens all lives on the Earth. Daily, the number of endangered species increase, and many plants and animals have already gone into extinction as a result of the pollution affecting the quality of atmospheric gases available for daily cellular functions. Human activities such as deforestation and degradation, water pollution through oil spillage and poor river basin development programs have indeed played significantly roles. Besides, exhauist from mechanical equipment and vehicles, gaseous wastes from manufacturing industries, pollution with indiscriminate use of plants chemicals such as herbicides, pesticides, etc have contributed to the reduction in the quality of air available to plants. This has affected the produce of plants, and the health of animals including humans. One must realize the fact that plants constitute a major recycling pathway for the purification of atmospheric air. Photosynthesis uses sunlight and such inorganic molecules like CO2 to produce organic compounds in the from of glucose. This is consumed by animals to produce CO2. O2 is used in oxidation of food in animals with carbon dioxide as byproduct. This pathway is important in determining the quality of atmospheric CO2 and O2, a byproduct of photosynthesis. This implies that any process, natural or man-made, that alters this pathway will affect the recycling process and the availability of good quality air for life. The threat of destruction of rainforest would have tremendous impact on future levels of these gases: It would cause an automatic alteration in the pathway describes above. Plants population would reduce and animals would suffer greatly for this. As a result of this imbalance, atmospheric oxygen and carbon dioxide would change accordingly. The quality of atmospheric oxygen and CO2 has changes over the years. The threat of rainforest destruction would worsen the change in the future. www.climatechangeissues.com/files/science/Plimer.doc Air quality. (2018, Nov 08).

The Economic Environment and Anatomy of Business Essay - 1

The Economic Environment and Anatomy of Business - Essay Example The connection between demand and provide underlie the forces behind the allocation of resources. In economy theories, demand and provide theory can portion resources within the best approach doable. Census shows demand reasonable housing so much outstripped offer when the quantity of reasonable units rose, researchers say. Speak the housing crisis typically revolves round the scores of owners United Nations agency, unable to cater for their mortgage repayments, have lost their homes to proceedings. Renters have had it laborious, though, and therefore the enhanced population of homeowners-turned-renters has restricted reasonable rental choices for the less lucky, significantly in residential district Cook County. Looking at bureau information between the year 2007 and the year 2011, researchers in DePaul Universitys Institute of Housing Studies found demand for reasonable housing so much-outstripped offer when the quantity of reasonable units rose (Henderson and Hubert, 20). In 2007, there have been 118,794 residential district Cook County renter households that earned one hundred fifty percent of federal poverty line or $34,532 annually, and will afford a rent of $863.29. It means they paid no quite thirty percent of their financial gain on rent and utilities. That year, the provision of these units within the suburbs destroyed 71138, going away the reasonable housing wants of virtually 48,000 renters unmet. By 2011, despite the quantity of reasonable housing sectors rose to 85,176, demand for those units exceeded offer by nearly sixty thousand households (Hopkins and James, 12). The mate between offer and demand for reasonable units within the town of Chicago grew similarly. However, the gap wasnt as pronounced. "Theres continually attending to be a spot," aforesaid Geoff Smith, the institutes executive. "Its the expansion of the gap. They are not enough to accommodate them affordably. Because the gap grows, that

Campus Museum 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Campus Museum 2 - Essay Example 5. They serve not only render visible the processes that are invisible, but mediate everyday experience. Nevertheless, it is also the art to operate as lo-fi digitally storage media and distinctly tactile. The process of creating the art is through grouping 6 bits into pixel colour RGB values. This makes the images have 64 hues, which are then mapped to a custom woven colour palette. Stearns mixes eight colours of yarn on a satin weave using variations created it. On the back of the piece, the key to the patterns of bidding is given. The decoding of the original sourced binary data is achievable by the way Stearns did direct mappings from binary data to forming an image, and from the image formed to weave pattern (Doherty 1). The process that Stearns used in creating this art is complex since he translated digital data from program that are familiar such as Microsoft word. I think that Stearns is making a visual correlation between digital pixels and machine stitching while rendering impalpable digital data into physical objects. I like the piece of art because of its smooth, tender and multi-coloured

Human Resource Law - Consulting Project Paper Essay

Human Resource Law - Consulting Project Paper - Essay Example Due to these threats, organizations need to invent heavily on its human resource department. More emphasis should be put on employee related issues to protect an organization from law suits, which might even lead to collapse of a business. Dataset technology is a company which has suffered heavily due to legal suits from its employees. Dataset technologies is an organization with its roots in the US and have opened branches in other countries in the world. The company was started in 1997 as a small business unit dealing with information technology equipment. The company started with selling of computers and other computer accessories. It has now grown and, it now develops computer programs for governments and other companies. It also offers consultancy in all information technologies related problems. (Jeffers 2005) Its headquarters are based at Dallas Texas in the US. The company is not so popular in the US perhaps as a result of the fact that most of its businesses are done outside the US and specifically in Africa. The company boasts of more than 1500 employees from different origins and backgrounds. Its workforce is probably one of the most diversified in the corporate world. This has been enabled by the organization’s policy on employment where it boasts as an equal opportunity employer. Problem statement The company has suffered several losses from legal suits by its employees resulting from discrimination issues. This has given the company’s top leadership headaches for several days as the company’s reputation is on the verge of deterioration. The company also risks cancellation of substantial contracts with several governments and companies due to the law suits which could lead to massive financial loss for the company. The increase of terrorism cases in the world has led to discrimination of Arab-Americans, working with companies who have consequently engaged the company in a bruising legal tussle leading to loss of finances. The d iscrimination has also led to the company losing some of its highly qualified staffs who are of Arab- American affiliation, as well as Arab employees. Employees who are of the Muslim faith have as well reported cases of discriminations in the recent past. This has been escalated due to terrorist attacks in the recent past. Reports of harassment, intimidation and violence based on ones faith, national origin and race have also been reported. These discriminations escalated after 9/11 attacks. Employees from the Muslim faith have been demotivated due to this and are living in fear hence cannot produce as expected of them. There have been more than 15 cases reported in Dataset technologies from July last year, which is a worrying case for the company. There are cases where an employee of Muslim faith has been regarded as a terrorist. So what does workplace discrimination and harassment entail? (Jeffers 2005). Workplace discrimination and harassment Unlawful discrimination, according to the federal and state laws, arises when someone is treated less favorably than other employees in the organization due to his/her color, religion, age, nationality, disability, marital status, sex and other attributes as described in the anti-discrimination legislation. Harassment at the workplace happens when an employee is made to feel frightened, hurt or humiliated due to their race, color, religion, nationality, sex, disability,

Relationship Between Museums And The Community Cultural Studies Essay

Relationship Between Museums And The Community Cultural Studies Essay The relationship between museums and the communities they serve is a popular topic of discussion. A quick look-through of most writers pieces reveals that the present day museums have to open up the walls that lock out the surrounding societies. They have to synchronize with the representative communities if the museums have to remain relevant in todays world. The political and cultural set up of different communities across the globe is rapidly changing and if the museums mission is to respond properly to these dynamic forces, then it is their task to open arms and break hierarchical structures within their set ups in order to accommodate accurate representation of the communities. The main purpose of this paper therefore is to examine the relationship between museums and communities and to investigate how the two parties interact. In her book, Elizabeth Crooke sheds light on the intimate relationship between Museums and their publics. She asserts that community engagement is a paramount responsibility of the museum and heritage sector if the museum has to achieve its missions. Further, she says that the museum is the point of interface where the public is encouraged to learn about their histories and to understand that of others (2007). Thomas also voiced that the museum sector and communities hold a dual relationship of interdependence, although its not easy to tell which one needs the other more (2000). The public needs information and they need to be educated about their histories based on the artifacts preserved in the museum display halls. On the other hand, the museum needs the represented communities in order to justify their exhibitions. It is crystal clear. The community has a molding hand on the museum initiatives and is a great determinant of how successful the institution can be. Likewise, the muse um is a means to express the communities identity. Crooke, in her book brings out the thought-provoking aspect worth debating, Who is speaking for the community, and why (Crooke, 2007, p10), what adds even more curiosity is if their demands with regards to heritage are met. The museums intuitive role is to form identity for the communities which are also led by pursuit for heritage. Conversantly, these demands are faced by challenging, social, political and economic influences which shows that the people are getting more aware, thus the museums may need to change their approach towards serving the society by becoming accessible to a wider range of communities. This is meant to satisfy the growing need to research by the publics and is hopefully met by the intergovernmental push on the museums towards this goal. Whats a community? In effect, this is a social group that lives within a particular locality and shares a common culture, historical heritage and a common government (Hoodwink, 2005). Its very important to understand this outline therefore, especially to zoom in the activities of the museum and how they directly relate to the represented communities. However, the government has a massive impact on developments in the museum sector. Governments issue policies and guidelines to museums and heritage sector which stipulate and emphasize the roles of the museum in achievement of social inclusion and community participation. Also, the authorities push for cohesion and restoration of the society, enhanced by museum activities. These nudging policies by the government have fastened the engagement and commitment of the institutions indulgences towards improving the social order. A museum scholar, Alpha Oumar said that it is in the leaders of our village, of our cultural tradition that we work with to find a lasting solution (2002). True as he implied, that the museums can change their perceptions and develop even better models to meet on-coming challenges, and this can only be done by community involvement. In partnering with the community therefore, the museums get a guide on how to tackle issues faced by the communities. Also, just like any other community, a museum community is made up of the people who visit it, the workers and those who live around it, and also the stakeholders and those who donated part of the exhibition collections. The community involvement policy is imperative because the society shares common characteristics and attributes as well. However, the museum being a custodian of community heritage, has a responsibility to give back to the community by putting up enough effort to craft solutions for some of the problems experienced by the civic society. The strength and relevance of a museum is moreover shown in its ability to respond to community needs and how forceful it pushes for solutions beyond its faculty. Very important also as a result of community involvement, is the feedback and response from audience, ideas, views and contributions or recommendations from the people on how to serve the society better. These are invaluable proponents that the museum can only get from a motivated and fulfilled community. Museums should involve the community by conserving their heritage and through custom management, but more involvement can be achieved not only by moving closer to the people, but also by engaging in a partnership with them in the heritage programs. Also this can be more achieved for the benefit of both of them by urging the communities to display their heritage through donation of artifact collections, engaging in community projects, performing art, and exhibitions in the museum halls. The community is the mine from which the museum seeks to get information and supporting evidence and must therefore be soothed with concern and developmental initiatives. You may wonder what advantages there are in community involvement by museums. Well, there is so much to mention but this paper examines just a few. Seeking the communitys participation is an awesome approach because the public feels directly involved in decision making process especially on the use of resources. Secondly is sustainability. It would be very difficult, if not impossible, to sustain museum programs without community involvement. Also harmony and a sense of ownership is a credit to the community. When they are involved, they have a direct feel of possession of whats in custody of the museum which assures them that nothing has been stripped off their hands. It also grants them pride over their cultural heritage. Very important amongst many, is the creation of awareness. The communities involvement brings them to a focal point of appreciation of diverse cultures, some of which may be unheard of. The components contributed by different communities in a society are availed f or viewing and education of other members of the public, therefore creating an understanding amongst divergent traditions. Its explicit today that most museums are trending towards bridging the gap between them and the local communities. The prickly spot though, is how to engage these communities and to maintain the relationship. Most scholars have had their debatable suggestions, Nicholas Macho, adding that museums should positively contribute in community development by eradicating poverty and empowering them economically (2005). With that, most museums have had authority by statute to protect sites and monuments of both national and international heritage which has landed them into conflict with the local communities. Nevertheless, their mission to eradicate poverty has been perceived in activities of community involvement like employments in regional museums, involvement in community projects, and archaeological excavation activities (Abungu, 1998). Additionally, in the past, most museums would invite members of the public to participate in museum activities but its all taken a reverse turn today. Th e museums are visiting the locals and putting up programs that reach out even more to most members of the community. Education programs are also in place to reach out to the public and learning institutions which are meant to develop pride in the diverse historical, cultural and natural heritage and are designed for the suitability of all levels of learning. The cost of running a museum is relatively high in some regions and this has to be recovered through sale of entry tickets. However, today the tickets are highly subsidized by governments to encourage locals to access the facilities and educate themselves on historical and cultural legacy. Low income groups found this to be relatively high still and thought they are locked out by their inability to pay for the charges, but authorities had taken note of that. Most museums now allow locals to access the facilities at very low charges especially if they can identify themselves as groups of members with a research or learning mission. Those out of this category are also given a chance to visit the facilities free of charge on particular dates, given equal chance to learn about the historical and cultural heritage. No one is left out for that matter and the museum and heritage sector are moving on even closer each day towards a more synchronized relationship between the institutions and t he civic society. Communities play an important role in preservation of cultural and natural heritage through practice and observation of traditional practices inspired by indigenous knowledge. Since the indigenous knowledge is developed by the community and it represents and important aspect of their style of living, the museums, though some have taken the step already, should create resources that aid in research for indigenous knowledge. These should aim at collecting and preserving the knowledge of the practices by local communities. The people in the most remote areas of the society must be involved in this in order to get the most accurate documentations to be preserved in the housed of artifact. Most recently, a dispute erupted in Kenya when two communities got into dispute because of a supposedly sacred forest. Its a forest very important to the local people, the Kikuyu clan, but totally had no meaning to the neighbors who threatened to make it bald (Opondo, 2011). Its arguable, but the nation al heritage preservation authorities had clearly not educated the rest of the community about the importance of the forest to the Kikuyu clan. This forest is a place held very sacred by the community and is a site for appeasing the spirits in events of calamity, sacrificing for rain, peacemaking, and conduction certain rituals (Opondo, 2011). In effect, it is therefore important that conservation of the cultural landscapes be upheld and secured by authorities. In collaboration with the communities, most of the landscapes have been protected for their cultural and even biological value but some have still been left out. This is either because they are undiscovered or a greater wall still exists between the community and the heritage preservation institutions. In occasion, much needs to be done to pull them on board. Museums promote both cultural diversity and multiculturalism by merging different ethnic practices to suit a wide variety of members of a society. The institutions reflects an awareness of multiple cultural practices, some which are easily adopted by other societies, therefore it has to do this carefully to avoid malpractice. The art center is a point where communities come together to share ideas within the social, political and cultural context which adds great value to the mode of inter-relation between communities. Indeed, museums improve intercultural understanding and harness the community appreciation and celebration of their differences thus making the institutions a great equipment of social change. Finally, its important to note that the communities and museums have a symbiotic relationship.. Involvement of the community by the museum in its activities demonstrates the institutions invaluable role in cultural preservation and development. Traditionally, the institution would be confined to the walls of its exhibition halls, but today it goes deeper into the society to help solve issue of poverty, conflict resolution, heritage conservation, and more even about tourism. The community and the museum are two parties with equal shares of need for each other. Therefore, the community would be if involved in all the major aspects of their unitary development. First, both parties should be involved in the planning process that requires input from both of them rather than let the community come in as a substitute. This is the best way to create trust amongst them. The museum should also welcome new ideas and contributions from the public and with a sense of vision, should implement as m any of them as is possible. On the other hand, the community would be better off by letting go of the past and availing as much accurate information as possible for education of the general public. Much benefit would also be accrued if cultural artifacts are collected and displayed for viewing and education of other communities to share in the appreciation of socio-cultural and historical heritage. This can only be done if members of the community are willing to give what is required. Indeed all these activities are funneled towards a better and happier society. A community in which all the divergent members understand the lifestyles of each other without undue judgment, yet this is only possible if the people are taught about its importance, and they, together with the museums corporate to achieve a common goal. For a better community therefore, both the museum and the public have to work in cohesion because they both seek a common goal, an informed and peaceful civilization.

Of Mice And Men - Symbolism :: essays research papers

The central element of this novella is its symbolism. This novella has plenty of symbolical forms, such as people, creed, and some of the animals. Candy has several terms of symbolism, for example his disability is a symbol of the migrant workers who are just literally forgotten about, they are forgotten when they are no use to the owners. Candy’s dog is a symbol of a life only for advantage to others Lennie also for shadows this, he is belittled of his mind but enormously commented for his strength. Also he is compelled to lie about the fight he had with Curley, this is a symbol of typical male society in the, â€Å"Depression era†. Crook has many symbolical items, his disability is a symbol of his loneliness. He constantly rubs his back with medicine to inoculate to himself, this is a symbol of the pain he intakes. He is extremely lonely. His book of California rights is a symbol of power and knowledge of his rights of freedom. The neatness of his stable is a symbol that he is trying to show that he has got the same things as white people. The farm is a very important symbol in the novella it is important because it is repeated throughout the novella it is reminding the reader of the comforting dream that Lennie and George have created. It is a symbol of brotherly love. The dream in some ways is like the whole â€Å"Depression era† it reminds the reader of freedom and homely pleasure. Curley and Curley’s wife both represent evil both oppress and abuse the migrant workers. Curley especially harasses Lennie because of Lennie’s strength and how enormous he is. This is a symbol of cat and mouse. The horses rattling chains are a symbol of the slavery and lack of freedom. This symbol occurs quite often. The mouse in the novella is soft, small, this is a symbol of innocence. This for shadows Lennie he is venerable. Lennie is a symbol himself in his action towards beguiling soft things. Like when he stroked that ladies dress and she cried out rape it was a symbol of the power a white woman had then. Another example of this is when crooks said to Curley’s wife to go or he would call the boss to Curley’s wife but all she did was black mailed him by saying, â€Å"Listen, Nigger, you know what I can do if you open your trap, I could get you strung up on a tree so easy it ain’t funny.

The Hummer Campaign: An Overview

OVERVIEW When General Motors Corporation (GM) acquired the commercial marketing rights to the Hummer truck, the civilian version of the U. S. Army’s Humvee, it faced the challenge of promoting a vehicle that was never intended to be sold in high numbers. Part of the solution was to design smaller, less-expensive versions, the H2 and H3, but much of the success would have to depend on the marketing. Rather than turning to a roster of ad agencies it usually worked with, GM hired a young Boston creative boutique, Modernista! , in 2000. The initial goal of the $35 million campaign, begun in August 2001, was to establish Hummer as a luxury brand. Thus, images ofmud-splatteredHummers that played up the vehicle’s off-road capabilities were scrapped in favor of shots that made it seem jewel-like. Once the brand was repositioned, the marketers’ goal was to pitch the lower-priced H2 and H3 to a wider market, hopefully to more women. Factors such as rising gas prices and the perception that the Hummer was oversized for most consumers proved to be major hurdles for the marketers. However, by the end of 2003 the campaign had succeeded in redefining the Hummer brand, and with the introduction of the H3 in 2005, the marketers took on a new challenge: selling the Hummer to a mass market. HISTORICAL CONTEXT The Humvee was designed for the U. S. Army in 1979 by AM General Corp. , based in South Bend, Indiana. The 3. 5-ton vehicle became a star of the 1991 Persian Gulf War, spurring consumer demand for a civilian version, which was introduced in 1992 as the Hummer. It catered to an exclusive market, as demonstrated by the fact that Arnold Schwarzenegger was one of the first buyers. The vehicle never received much advertising support; AM General spent less than $1 million on marketing the Hummer in 1999, when it sold about 700 of the trucks. Nevertheless, AM General did enough business to attract the attention of General Motors, and in the end bought the Hummer brand in late 1999. GM signed a seven-year contract with AM General to produce the next generation, GM-designed version, the Hummer H2 sport-utility vehicle (SUV). The agency Modernista! was hired to promote the brand. Prior marketing efforts had played up the military connection and the Hummer’s off-road capabilities, billing the vehicle as ‘‘the world’s most serious 4Ãâ€"4. ’’ Modernista! won the account because it was the only agency that attempted to fashion a wider appeal by going beyond the tough-guy, army-truck image. The principals involved in the campaign did not lack experience in selling cars. Modernista! ’s cofounder, Lance Jensen, had worked with Hummer’s advertising director, Liz Vanzura, when she was at Volkswagen of America and he was with the Boston-based ad agency Arnold Communications. Both played key roles in developing Volkswagen’s award-winning ‘‘Drivers Wanted’’ campaign. Vanzura commented that, while the Volkswagen ads were aimed at ‘‘cool, young people,’’ her new mission was to sell Hummers to ‘‘cool, rich people. ’’ TARGET MARKET Even before hiring Modernista! , GM had done a great deal of market research. According to Ted Evanoff, writing for the Indianapolis Star, ‘‘In 1999 researchers stumbled across the notion that an unlikely cross-section of America—surgeons, dot-com millionaires, rock stars, high school students, corporate execs—prized their individuality. And they regarded the rugged Hummer as a symbol of individuality, especially compared with the typical sport-utility common in suburbia. ’’ Modernista! was given 2,200 pages of market data to distill into an advertising message. The agency was also handed a brand that skewed very much toward males, averaging 50 years in age and with an annual household income of more than $200,000. The target buyer for the less-expensive H2, while still male, was 42 years old on average and had a household income above $125,000. Vanzura told Chris Reidy of the Boston Globe that the coveted audience included ‘‘rugged individualists, adventurous entrepreneurs, and adrenaline junkies. ’’ In other interviews she described the target market as ‘‘successful achievers’’ and ‘‘style leaders. ’’ She also told Evanoff that Hummer had to vie with other purchases the well-to-do might consider, such as yachts or vacation houses, stating, ‘‘We’re really not competing in an automotive category. ’ COMPETITION The yacht, vacation house, and other status symbols notwithstanding, Hummer competed in the luxury-SUV category against other SUVs, including the Lincoln Navigator, Land Rover’s Range Rover, and the Lexus LX 470. But Hummer’s chief opponent was DaimlerChrysler’s Jee p Wrangler. Boasting similar military roots but extending back to World War II, Jeep had defined the SUV category and at its height in 1993 controlled nearly 30 percent of the traditional SUV market. Over the following several years, however, the brand failed had to introduce new models, and its lessexpensive ones faced increasingly stiff competition, resulting in a severe erosion of sales. As long as Hummer was not a direct competitor, DaimlerChrysler took little notice of it, but as soon as GM acquired the right to mass-market the Hummer, DaimlerChrysler recognized the threat at the high end of the SUV category and became determined to hold on to Jeep’s reputation as the premier heavy-duty, off-road brand. The two vehicles had slightly different target markets, however. Jeep appealed to consumers who loved the outdoors and might attend one of the dozens of Jeep Jamboree off-road events held throughout the year. Typical Hummer customers, on the other hand, wanted the off-road capabilities the vehicle had to offer but were more interested in the image it created. They were as likely to drive their Hummers to an upscale mall as up a mountain. MARKETING STRATEGY In preparation for marketing the lower-priced H2, Modernista! instituted a bridge campaign, paid for by AM General, to sell the H1 while repositioning the brand. As Will Uronis, an associate creative director at Modernista! , explained to the Boston Herald ’s Greg Gatlin, ‘‘Hollywood had defined what Hummers stood for—war, explosions and arrogance . . . We just took a look at another facet of the truck. ’’ Jensen added, ‘‘We went out and talked to guys that drove them . . . they don’t all hunt and kill things. ’’ Nevertheless, Hollywood movies had done a good job of making consumers aware of the Hummer. Market research conducted in 1999 indicated that as many as one in five buyers of full-size SUVs considered purchasing the Hummer. The bridge campaign was intended to play to the ‘‘rugged individualists’’ who, research revealed, were attracted to the Hummer and to set the stage for the launch of theH2 by creating an emotional attachment to the brand that transcended the hard-edged image fostered by Hollywood. According to Evanoff, writing in the Indianapolis Star, the promotion of the H1 was intended to create a ‘‘halo’’ over the brand, providing ‘‘the foundation for a brand image that will carry the smaller H2. ’’ The first national ads for the GM-owned Hummer began appearing on August 13, 2001. It was an all-print campaign that featured photographs of the vehicle in lush locales in Chile. Not only did the pictures suggest where the H1, with its off-road prowess, could take the viewer, but they also made the big truck look small. It was the first time Hummer was not portrayed covered in mud or linked to the military. Reinforcing the visual message of the ad was the text, which included the headline ‘‘How did my soul get way out here? ’’ and the concluding text ‘‘Sometimes you find yourself in the middle of nowhere. And sometimes in the middle of nowhere you find yourself. The legendary H1. ’’ Hummer’s longtime tagline, ‘‘World’s most serious 4Ãâ€"4,’’ was replaced by ‘‘Like nothing else. ’’ The four ads ran through the rest of 2001, appearing in such publications as the Wall Street Journal, Barron’s, Esquire, Spin, Wired, and Red Herring. Hummer’s 50 dealers were also encouraged to use the ads created by Modernista! to bring continuity to the brand’s makeover, with some of their media costs being reimbursed by a cooperative advertising program. The H2, based on GM’s Chevrolet Tahoe full-size SUV, was introduced in July 2002. A second model featuring a small pickup bed and a cargo door was supposed to be offered at the same time, but the launch was pushed back, partly because the vehicle needed more work but also as a way to extend the marketing buzz the brand was creating. The new H2, with a base price of $48,000, was about half the price of the H1 and, despite being called the ‘‘baby Hummer,’’ essentially the same size. But it featured a smaller, less noisy gas engine rather than a cumbersome diesel one, and it had comforts and customizable options the H1 lacked but that were expected in a luxury SUV. The introduction of the H2 was supported by another print campaign developed by Modernista! While the ‘‘Like nothing else’’ tagline of the previous ads was retained, the look of the new ads was markedly different, relying on dramatic close-ups set against bold, sky-blue backgrounds. Like the first ads, the new ones ran in a wide range of magazines, with the text tailored to the publication. For example, in the Robb Report, which covered all things luxurious, the text read, ‘‘Excessive. In a Rome at the height of its power sort of way. ’’ The Vanity Fair text read, ‘‘Threaten the men in your office in a whole new way,’’ part of an effort to increase the number of women buying the vehicles. Another ad proclaimed, ‘‘Perfect for rugby moms. ’’ About 10 percent of H1 owners were women, and one goal of the H2 campaign was to increase that number to 25 percent. Outdoor ads were also produced, running in 14 major markets, including New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, and Detroit. Print and outdoor ads were made available for the use of dealers. The first Hummer television ads aired in mid-August 2002. The initial three 30-second spots, intended to romanticize the truck, were shot in Iceland and in Vancouver, British Columbia, and featured both natural and urban locations. They showed friends in a Hummer speeding over the tundra of Iceland or a professional woman weaving through traffic in a city. Set to rock music, the only words in the spots were text statements such as ‘‘Maybe if you can, you will. ’ A second phase of the television campaign played on people’s perception of the Hummer as a gas-guzzling road hog. In one spot a young boy constructed a small wooden version of the Hummer to enter in a soapbox derby, while The Who’s ‘‘Happy Jack’’ played in the background and the little girl next door looked on. At the start of the big race the other boys scoffed at little Jack and his less-than-streamli ned racer, but he prevailed by abandoning the asphalt course, breaking the rules to go cross-country and win the race and the girl. Through the humor of the spot Jack was portrayed not as a blatant cheater but as a heroic iconoclast, offering subliminal reassurance to potential Hummer customers who might feel guilty about buying a vehicle that got about 13 miles to a gallon of gas on the highway. A second Hummer spot, also displaying a tough side, hearkened back to the Asteroids video game of the 1980s, with a spaceship blasting boulders only to confront an indestructible Hummer, which chased the ship off the screen. OUTCOME GM and Modernista! ucceeded in introducing Hummer to a wider market, but after a strong showing in 2003, sales began to tail off, partly because of high gas prices. To regain lost ground, in 2004 GM introduced the H2 SUT (sport-utility truck). This was followed by the unveiling in 2005 of the H3, a midsize Hummer priced from $29,500 to $32,000. Almost 17 inches shorter, 1,700 pounds lighter, and more fuel-efficient at 20 miles per gallon, it was a vehicle GM hoped women and younger drivers wo uld find more appealing. In pitching the vehicle to a mass market, Hummer and Modernista! aced a new task. Putting a positive spin on the challenge, Jensen told Jeremy W. Peters of the New York Times, ‘‘The brand has a lot of different personality levels . . . You can do the serious capability stuff, the real rough-and-tumble rock climbing stuff, the peaceful back-to-nature stuff. ’’ Industry analyst Mary Ann Keller disagreed, telling the New York Times that it was impossible to sell Hummer to the masses: ‘‘How in the world can you possibly fathom that something that looks like a military vehicle is practical for the average driver? ’’