Development of Nigerian Labour Congress - 3505 Words

BACKGROUND TO THE FORMATION OF NLC Labour organization in Nigeria dates back to 1912 when the workers in the Civil Service under the then Colonial administration organized themselves into workers representatives. This then became known as the Nigeria Civil Service Union. This led the way for workers in other sectors to agitate for the formation of Trade Unions before and after independence in 1960. By 1975 during the Military regime of General Murtala Mohammed, Trade Unions in the country had risen to over 1000 which include Mushroom Unions. In 1976, the Government established a Commission of inquiry into the activities of the various Unions and appointed an administrator to oversee the unions and come up with a structure for the†¦show more content†¦More than that, it has helped shape political, social and economic experience by going to the trenches on issues like June 12, petroleum products prices deregulation, and minimum wage and the current removal of subsidy debate. In these processes, labour leaders have attained national and global recognition. Icons like Michael Imoudu, Hassan Adebayo Sunmonu, Wahab Goodluck, Ali Chiroma, Pascal Bafyau, and Adams Oshiomhole are now household names. Such is the impact of the NLC on national life in Nigeria. CHALLENGES TO THE EMERGENCE OF NLC AS A CENTRAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION IN NIGERIA Despite the much that the labour movements have achieved, there are obvious yawns. In discussing the challenges to the development of the NLC as a central labour organization in Nigeria, it is important to understand the context it has operated in Nigeria. According to Iyayi (2008), the most important elements in the context in which NLC has operated and will continue to operate are: (i) trends and developments in the international economy and politics (ii) the nature and level of development of the Nigerian economy; (iii) the nature and character of the Nigerian state, (iv) the nature and character of the ruling class and (iv) the level of development and organization of Nigerias progressive forces. These factors have been crucial to the development of theShow MoreRelatedThe Nigeria Petroleum Corporation898 Words   |  4 Pagesfor understanding external influences on a business. PESTLE stands for Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal and Environmental (Worthington Britton, 2009). It also concentrates on one of the biggest petroleum companies in Nigeria; Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC). 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Time and Attendance Management Free Essays

Acknowledgments I owe a great many thanks to great many people who helped and supportedme during the project. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my mentorsDr. Hiral Shah, Dr. We will write a custom essay sample on Time and Attendance Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ben Baliga, and Prof. Gary Nierengarten for all their support and encouragement at every step throughout my course of study at St. Cloud StateUniversity. First and foremost, my deepest thanks to my advisor, Dr. Hiral Shah, myGuide for this project. I would like to take this opportunity to thank her for herguidance and support throughout the project.I would also like to express my thanks to Dr. Ben Baliga, Prof. GaryNierengarten, and Dr. Balsubramanian Kasi for their precious time in carefullyreviewing my project. I am grateful for their valuable suggestions and comments.Finally, I would like to thank my family and all my friends for constantlyencouraging and supporting me in this endeavor. It is with their help that I have beenable to successfully complete my Master’s Program in Engineering Management. Introduction Chapter I: IntroductionEmployee time and attendance is a vital part of the workplace as it allows forbetter workforce management. Time and attendance management facilitates HumanResources to better understand employee attendance, and are necessary forcollecting information for payroll (Time Well Scheduled, n.d.). It is important forcompanies to assemble, categorize, and utilize workforce data, which will allow themto make critical decisions (Data Management Services, Inc., n.d.). In this ever evolving and technologically savvy century, companies are oftenforced to adapt to the needs and requirements of the market. Companies preferportability, flexibility and access to applications they use from anywhere and across all platforms, so that work and management become easier and less complex.Agile methodology is the most widely used project management technique by several organizations for their software development projects. This methodologyworks great in environments where requirements change rapidly throughout theproject scope and has been proven to achieve high project success rate for manyorganization (Battagiri, 2015). There are several software development techniqueswithin the agile methodology. This project demonstrates the use of agile methodologyto create web-based reports for employee Time and Attendance. Problem StatementABC application is currently a desktop applicationwhich facilitates clients to use the software on the local system where theserver is located. This is a drawback8since the client cannot access the application on a remote device. Clients nowrequire flexibility to use the application from across any platform and any devicewithout having to personally be present at the location and the local system wherethe Application is hosted. This can significantly reduce time and effort and increasethe productivity of the workforce.Nature and Significance of the ProblemFor any company, it is necessary to manage its time and attendance and thework schedules of the employees who are the number one capital expense. Improperscheduling and attendance management can lead to a host of issues, includingoverscheduling a shift, costly overtime pay, and even litigation (Data ManagementServices, Inc., n.d.). With the change in dynamics of the work environment in the present day world, employees have the option to work from remote locations. A lot of companiesallow their employees to work from remote locations and to manage their time andattendance, it becomes an arduous task to keep track of the Human resources, whichcan lead to billing issues and corrections which can become costly.Currently, ABC company TC-1 software is only limited to systems that have the database running on theirservers. If employees of any of the clients are requiredto work from a remote location, or if the manager wants to access employeeinformation, payroll, scheduling, they have to be physically present at theirworkstation where this application is hosted. An effective solution which can provideaccess to the application on any device would help the management in accurately9tracking employee work time and also reduce managerial time spent on timekeepingand payroll tasks. Objective of the Project To identify the tools and technologies required for the development of thisapplication and create a web enabled application that interfaces with theserver on the backend and presents a browser-based client interface to theuser in an agile environment.2. Identify the core areas of business and implement them in phases andrelease for production. Project Questions After successfully accomplishing the project, the following questions wereanswered based on the results obtained from the project: What current drawbacks of thedesktop application have been resolved in the Web based application and up to what extent? How was Scrum agile methodology useful in developing this project? How effective would the proposed solution of bringing in a web basedinterface help in resolving the clients’ needs? What are the factors of Scrum which were helpful in identifying any threatsin this project? Can new changes and modifications be made during the implementation of the web-application? 11evolutionary development, early delivery, and continuous improvement,and it encourages rapid and flexible response to change (Wikipedia, n.d.).c) Scrum methodology:Scrum is a management and control process thatcuts through complexity to focus on building software that meets businessneeds. Management and teams are able to get their hands around therequirements and technologies, never let go, and deliver working software, incrementally and empirically (Scrum.org, n.d.). d) Socket Programming: Sockets provide the communication mechanismbetween two computers using TCP. A client program creates a socket on its end of the communication and attempts to connect that socket to a server. When the connection is made, the server creates a socket objecton its end of the communication (Tutorialspoint.com, n.d.).e) Server:A server is a computer program or a machine capable of accepting requests from clients and responding to them. Their purpose may be to share data or hardware and software resources among clients(Quizlet.com, n.d.). f) Web Application:A Web application (Web app) is an application program that is stored on a remote server and delivered over the Internetthrough a browser interface (Jdsofttech.com, n.d.).g) Desktop Application:A desktop application is a self-contained programthat performs a defined set of tasks under the user control. Desktopapplications run from a local drive and do not require a network or 12connectivity to operate or function properly, though if attached to a networkdesktop application might use the resources of the network (Socmedtech,2014).f) TheSoftware Development Life Cycle (SDLC)is the process of developing or modifying software systems by following softwaredevelopment methodologies. People, process and technology play a vitalrole in success of the software development lifecycle (Battagiri, 2015).g) Pair programmingis an agile software development technique, where twoor more programmers work together on a software development task. One,thedriver, develops the code while the other, theobserver, reviews thecode developed by the driver. The driver and the observer switch roles to achieve better results (Battagiri, 2015).h) Best practicesare the set of rules followed in software developmentwhich can help in developing software which is effective as well as efficientand within the budget. A combination of best practices can be used to bestfit a specific software development environment. The core agile softwareprogramming practices (versionone.com) are the following: Iterative development, Test driven development, Quality testing, Requirement change management, Following standard coding practices,13 Software version control. Project management best practices help us successfully initiate,plan, execute, monitor, control and close our projects. Best practicesrepresent the practical application of the concepts, processes, andtools defined in the project (Battagiri, 2015). Summary This chapter introduces the problem statement and objective of the project.The nature and significance of the project are discussed. Limitations of this projectimplementation are also addressed. Important terms and keywords are brieflyexplained, which are necessary to understand the project. The next chapterdiscusses the framework and research methodologies used to conduct the project in detail. 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Juxtaposition and Paradox free essay sample

In the beginning acts of Macbeth, William Shakespeare uses juxtaposition and paradox to set off contrasts between characters, ideas, and events. Detail the differences between juxtaposition and paradox. Also, relate how he uses juxtaposition to illuminate characters and paradox to compare and contrast thematic ideas and plot. A paradox is when an author uses apparently contradictory statements to get at some underlying truth. Juxtaposition, on the other hand, refers to placing two contrasting elements in proximity to each other to achieve some literary effect. As a writer, Shakespeare used both of these literary device to contrast characters, ideas, and events in his stories. It is seen most in the play Macbeth with the porter and the stability of good and evil. The most prominent example of juxtaposition that Shakespeare uses is the porter in Macbeths castle. The porter comes into the scene shortly after Duncan has been murdered. He then begins to make some intense jokes. We will write a custom essay sample on Juxtaposition and Paradox or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For example he says â€Å"Here’s a knocking indeed! If a man were porter of hell-gate, he should have old turning the key† (II. iii. 1). The porter is saying that if someone had the job of unlocking the gates of hell is would be a strenuous job. This is a reference to Macbeth and to his most current actions. One of the most common literary devices seen in Macbeth, are paradoxes. One of the first things in the play that Macbeth says is, ‘So foul and fair a day I have not seen’ (I. iii. 38). By this Macbeth is commenting that the day has been both good and bad. This is contradicting itself in the fact that the day is either good or bad. Similarly the three witches say â€Å"fair is foul and foul is fair† (I. i. 12). To them they believe what is ugly is beautiful and what is beautiful is ugly. The easiest way to understand this is to think of the idea of yin and yang. There is good in evil and evil in good yet they work together and create a balance in the world. All in all, Juxtaposition and paradox were used heavily in Shakespeare’s work. It gave him the ability to compare and contrast different character and ideas. The use of juxtaposition compared two ideas to show their differences. Paradox on the other hand was a statement that contradicted itself to then make a dramatic point.

oppertunities and challenges of the internet essays

oppertunities and challenges of the internet essays Opportunities and Challenges of the Internet In a world of light-speed data transmission, any individual with little training and expertise can make a fortune from the Internet. Many companies, like E-bay or Amazon.com, thrive from business done only through Internet transactions. As computer technology progresses, data transmission becomes faster, and as high level encryption becomes available for public use, the amount of Internet consumers also grows. Technology advances also allow employees to work from home faster and safer. A manager's first challenge is to create a presence on the web. With a phone line, computer, and HyperText Markup Language (HTML) authoring tools, a business can advertise or do business over the Internet. HTML authoring tools can be freeware, like Sausage Software's Hot Dog, or advanced and expensive utilities like Microsoft Front Page. Any computer user familiar with a word processor can effectively use these applications with minimal training. Putting the HTML and graphic files on an Internet service provider's (ISP) servers is sufficient for relatively low traffic sites. Some online businesses, like Amazon.com, handle hundreds of thousands of people, or hits, everyday. They require specialized hardware and cabling to control the vast amount of traffic on there site per day. A manager's second challenge is to make the business's web site visible on the Internet. The first step in this process would be registering a domain name. Every computer connected to the Internet has a unique number attached to it called an IP address. To simplify finding specific computers on the 'Net, the numbers where substituted with alias called domain names. The names come in two levels, before and after the "dot". Fees are generally a $70 startup cost then $35 per year to hold the license of the name. Network Solutions Inc. is the official registrar of domain names. Individuals in the past have regist...

Earning a Supply Chain Management Degree

Earning a Supply Chain Management Degree Supply chain management involves overseeing aspects of the supply chain. A supply chain is a network of interconnected businesses. Each business contributes one aspect of the chain, from production to the procurement of raw materials to the transportation of materials to the manufacturing process to the consumer market to the final act of consumption. The ultimate goal of supply chain management is to make this chain run efficiently and effectively while reducing costs and delivering customer satisfaction. What a Supply Chain Management Degree Is A supply chain management degree is a type of post-secondary degree awarded to students who have completed a college, university, or business school program that focuses on the management of supply chain activities. Types of Supply Chain Management Degrees There are three basic types of supply chain management degrees that can be earned from a college, university, or business school: Bachelors Degree in Supply Chain Management - A bachelors degree program with a specialization in supply chain management consists of general education courses in addition to courses that focus exclusively on logistics and supply chain management. Although accelerated and part-time programs are available, most bachelors programs take approximately four years to complete.Masters Degree in Supply Chain Management - A masters degree or MBA degree program in supply chain management usually consists of general business courses in addition to specialized courses in supply chain management. Masters program traditionally takes two years to complete; accelerated programs can usually be completed in less time.Doctorate Degree in Supply Chain Management - A doctorate program in supply chain management requires intense study and research. These programs usually take three to five years to complete, though program length can vary. An associates degree is sufficient for many entry-level supply chain management and logistician positions. However, a bachelors degree is becoming a more common requirement, especially for more advanced positions. A masters degree or MBA in supply chain management may be the best option for individuals interested in leadership positions. Earning a Supply Chain Management Degree Supply chain management degrees can be found through online and campus-based programs. Many business schools with an MBA program offer concentrations in supply chain management. Bachelors degree programs can also be found at a number of colleges and universities. The best supply chain and logistics programs  offer a targeted education, experienced faculty, and career assistance. Using Your Supply Chain Management Degree Many people who earn a supply chain management degree go on to oversee aspects of a supply chain. They may work for a specific company or firm or may be self-employed as a consultant. Popular positions for supply chain management graduates include: Logistician - Logisticians, or logistics managers as they are also known, are responsible for analyzing and coordinating a company’s supply chain. They manage nearly every aspect of the chain, including procurement of the product, distribution, allocation, and delivery. More than half of all logisticians work for the government or manufacturing firms.Supply Chain Analyst - Also known as project specialists or supply chain coordinators, supply chain analysts are responsible for monitoring, analyzing, and improving supply chain processes. They predict how logistics will work, oversee operations, and then make a recommendation to make everything better. Most supply chain analysts work for manufacturers or logistics services providers.Transportation Manager - Transportation managers oversee the loading, storage, and transportation of goods. Their main responsibility is to make sure things get where they need to go, but they are also responsible for controlling expenses and ensurin g transport operates within the law. Professional Associations Joining a professional organization is a good way to learn more about the field of supply chain management. As a member of an association, you can meet other people in the field and talk to them about their experiences. As you build your network, you may be able to find a mentor who can offer guidance as you earn your degree and enter the career field. Two professional associations that you may want to consider include: Council of Supply Chain Management - The Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals (CSCMP) is a professional association of supply chain management professionals. They offer education, news, career information, networking opportunities, and much more.APICS - APICS, the Association for Operations Management, offers certification programs for supply chain professionals. Certification options include the APICS Certified in Production and Inventory Management (CPIM) program, the APICS Certified Supply Chain Professional (CSCP) program, and the APICS Certified Fellow in Production and Inventory Management (CFPIM) program.

The Valentine Day Massacre Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Valentine Day Massacre - Research Paper Example Schwinger and John May, along with five other members of the North Side Irish gang were lined up against a wall and were executed using Thompson sub-machine guns.3 The Victims were executed against the inside rear of a wall belonging to SMC Cartage Company garage at 2122 North Clark street on Lincoln Park neighborhood in Chicago, later the wall became famous as the Massacre wall. The Wall remains the most important artifact of the event. The infamous wall received world wide press coverage because photos depicting the bloody aftermath of the massacre were published world wide.4 According to the coroner’s report, seven machine gun bullets and two shot gun blasts were fired on the seven victims lined against the Massacre Wall. Out of seven, one victim managed to survive for several hours in the hospital but, he refused to name his killers.5 The murders were committed by gangsters, handpicked by Al Capone, who hired them outside the city to minimize the chances of being recognize d by the North Side Irish gang victims. The case still remains officially unsolved because no one was ever convicted of the crime. Al Capone was a very powerful gangster and the event of Valentine Massacre took place at the height of his power in Chicago. The influence of Al Capone on Chicago can be analyzed from the following quote: â€Å"At the height of his power Al Capone carried everyone- from the mayor of Chicago, police captains and judges, to the bell-boys at his luxurious hotel residence – around his pockets like loose change, and used his power to exploit society’s ubiquitously puissant blend of fear and greed.† 6 Jack McGurn was the right hand man of Al Capone and it was him, who was the master mind behind the Valentine Massacre.7 Jack McGurn was a perfect example of archetypal good- boy-gone-bad, who harbored a vicious criminality which was perfectly mirrored by the gruesome events of Saint Valentine’s Day Massacre. Jack McGurn was paradoxical and his actions left an indelible impression in the history of America. Jack McGurn and Al Capone staged the murders meticulously in an attempt to eliminate George Bugs Moran. The groundwork devised by Jack McGurn was not only devilishly spectacular but was meticulous as well.8 Jack and Al Capone planned that their hired killers will lure George Moran and his favorite men to warehouse of SMC Cartage Company, by offering them an irresistible deal, which in the case was, a load of hijacked whiskey.9 According to Jack’s plan, Once Moran and his men enter the warehouse, killers disguised as policemen will arrive at the scene, pretending to arrest them, but will kill them instead. Al Capone and Jack McGurn knew that they both would be suspected so they conveniently went out of town, when the massacre took place. Al Capone went on vacation to Florida while Jack went safely elsewhere. Unfortunately, the timing went wrong and the plan misfired because Moran arrived late at the wareh ouse and saw the disguised killers getting out of the police car. Moran was scared and he fled. Therefore, the killers executed seven men that were already there at the warehouse garage.10 Then the two killers disguised as uniformed police officers led the other men at gunpoint, out of the garage after successfully carrying out the shooting. John

Teams are seen as a necessary condition in contemporary organisations, Essay - 2

Teams are seen as a necessary condition in contemporary organisations, but are they effective - Essay Example Teams should operate as functional units in which various knowledge stemming from individual group members becomes part of a collaborative environment. The question that has been asked is whether teams are effective, despite the literature which proposes its necessity in the contemporary business. The evidence provided suggests that teams are effective, so long as certain organisational and objective components exist. These include cultural knowledge, building commitment at the leadership level, the structure of the organisation or team environment, and the importance of communication. This report examines the literature associated with teams, offering a critical analysis of findings. The findings are important to organisational studies as what was uncovered in this analysis can act as a template to assist in leadership, culture and knowledge exchange designs in team environments. Saunders, Lewis & Thornhill (2005) first offer that specific business studies are confused between what individuals perceive the world to be versus what the world actually consists of. In the forming stage of team development, defining specific goals is a paramount objective after individuals have been recruited. During this stage of team development, uncertainty abounds in a variety of categories from job role identification to setting up group norms and rules that will drive the functional group. A special project team requires a specific set of regulations that will guide forward momentum, something especially important in a special project team with a clear and concise end result goal. In this team, cohesion and knowledge exchange may be the objective, however the actual reality is that the organisation, itself, is guided by a centralized and vertical hierarchy where individuals have grown accustomed to the organisational culture whereby decision-making is always delivered from the top-down.